Numerous studies conducted in clinical and community settings by researchers from different countries over a period of almost five decades, have conclusively shown protracted and disabling psychiatric effects among World War II Holocaust victims, formerly known as the concentration camp syndrome (e.g. Matussek, 1975; Eitinger & Krell, 1985; Eitinger & Major, 1993; Levav, 1998). The multiple and...

It has become increasingly evident that cooperation for survival among members of the same species is a basic law of life. Throughout the history of man, sharing relationships have been a central mode of coping with and adapting to the environment. When the conditions of life are particularly harsh, making survival difficult, there is often an increase in reciprocal relationships. This has been...

BACKGROUND Futsal started being played in 1930 and the number of futsal players has increased all over the world ever since. Nonetheless, despite the fact that Spain is one of the most relevant national teams worldwide, information on the incidence of injuries and their anthropometric characteristics is sparse in this country. AIM To analyse medical assistance provided to players in their pre...

l ast year, 2011, marked the 50th anniversary of the death of Ludwik Fleck, a physician, microbiologist [1] and a passionate philosopher of medicine [Figure 1]. Fleck suffered many of the humiliations that the 20th century inflicted upon the Jews of Eastern Europe [2]. He experienced racial persecution during World War II and in the years preceding it. He survived that long period of brutal ant...

The polysaccharides of Astragalus membranaceus have received extensive study and attention, but there have been few reports on the extraction of these polysaccharides using cold water (4 °C). In this study, we fractionated a novel cold-water-soluble polysaccharide (cAMPs-1A) from Astragalus membranaceus with a 92.00% carbohydrate content using a DEAE-cellulose 52 anion exchange column and a Sep...

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) serve as the first line of defense of the innate immune system against invading microbial pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria can resist CAMPs by modifying their anionic teichoic acids (TAs) with D-alanine, but the exact mechanism of resistance is not fully understood. Here, we utilized various functional and biophysical approaches to investigate the intera...

This paper has examined and compared the psychological impact of both state and anti-state terrorism on the victim. In this regard, three dimensions to this issue were discussed: (a) the effects that are common to anti-state terror and state-terror; (b) the effects that are unique to anti-state terror; and (c) the psychological effects and sequelae specifically associated with state-terror. Giv...