Multi-site damage (MSD) has been a challenge to aircraft, civil and power plant structures. In real life components are subjected to cracking at many vulnerable locations such as the bolt holes. However, we do not consider for the presence of multiple cracks. Unlike components with a single crack, these components are difficult to predict. When two cracks approach one another, their stress fiel...

We develop diagram techniques for proving confluence in abstract reductions systems. The underlying theory gives a systematic and uniform framework in which a number of known results, widely scattered throughout the literature, can be understood. These results include Newman's lemma, Lemma 3.1 of Winkler and Buchberger, the Hindley Rosen lemma, the Request lemmas of Staples, the Strong Confluen...

τ -confluence is a reduction technique used in enumerative model-checking of labeled transition systems to avoid the state explosion problem. In this paper, we propose a new on-the-fly algorithm to calculate partial τ -confluence, and propose new techniques to do so on large systems in a compositional manner. Using information inherent in the way a large system is composed of smaller systems, w...

This paper describes a new confluence tool for term rewrite systems. Due to its modular design, the few techniques implemented so far can be combined flexibly. Methods developed for termination analysis are adapted to prove and disprove confluence. Preliminary experimental results show the potential of our tool.

The Sheepbed mudstone, Yellowknife Bay formation, Gale crater, represents an ancient lakebed now exhumed and exposed on the Martian surface. The mudstone has four diagenetic textures, including a suite of early diagenetic nodules, hollow nodules, and raised ridges and later diagenetic light-toned veins that crosscut those features. In this study, we describe the distribution and characteristics...

Concerning the previous anatomical knowledge and requirements of current hepato-pancreato-biliary practice it was our aim to enhance the anatomy knowledge of the caudate lobe biliary drainage. Using the injection-corrosion method we made 27 acrylic porto-biliary casts of proper quality from 30 post-mortem, adult human liver specimens. During the observation under a magnifying glass a portal vas...

When cracks form in a thin contracting layer, they sequentially break the layer into smaller and smaller pieces. A rectilinear crack pattern encodes information about the order of crack formation, as later cracks tend to intersect with earlier cracks at right angles. In a hexagonal pattern, in contrast, the angles between all cracks at a vertex are near 120 degrees. Hexagonal crack patterns are...