Bicuspid aortic valve is traditionally considered an innocuous congenital anomaly. Due to a better and widespread availability of non-invasive imaging techniques, it has come to the fore that 30% of these cases develop complications, viz., valve abnormality (aortic regurgitation and stenosis), and aneurysm of aortic root and ascending aorta. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is an uncommon complicatio...

Subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is a congenital heart defect that causes fixed form of hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with progressive course. It has a spectrum of anatomy. It appears usually beyond infancy, causes left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial dysfunction, and tends to involve the aortic and mitral valves in its progressive course....

AIMS Little is known about the medium term results after stenting of the arterial duct in neonates and infants with duct-dependent cyanotic congenital heart disease. We report the results of stent implantation of the arterial duct in 21 neonates and infants. The defects for which the arterial duct was stented included pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, critical pulmonary stenosis...

bicuspid aortic valve is traditionally considered an innocuous congenital anomaly. due to a better and widespread availability of non-invasive imaging techniques, it has come to the fore that 30% of these cases develop complications, viz., valve abnormality (aortic regurgitation and stenosis), and aneurysm of aortic root and ascending aorta. sinus of valsalva aneurysm is an uncommon complicatio...

A complex congenital cardiac malformation in a female patient was evaluated several times by angiocardiography and echocardiography in childhood but a definite diagnosis was not established. Segmental analysis of the heart and the great vessels by magnetic resonance imaging when the patient was 34, however, showed a double outlet left ventricle in which the aorta was situated anterior to and to...

bifid cardiac apex is a rare anomaly of human hearts. we report of the case of a 34-year-old man with a previous history of ventricular septal defect (vsd) and subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. he had undergone pulmonary commissurotomy and vsd closure 22 years before he was referred to our center for evaluation of progressive dyspnea. transthoracic echocardiography revealed atrial septal defect (...

Congenital aortic stenosis (AS) is caused by abnormal morphological development of the aortic valve. [1, 2] Valvular abnormalities may be accompanied by supraor subvalvular stenosis. The embryogenic process that forms aortic valves begins approxi‐ mately 31–32 days of gestation. Cavity formation in the basal portion of the truncus arteriosus is a key process in the development of the leaflet an...

Severe aortic stenosis in pregnancy has been known to have a high maternal and perinatal mortality, documented at 17 and 32%, respectively, in 1978. More recent reviews still indicate significant maternal morbidity and unfavourable fetal outcomes. Severe aortic stenosis with or without symptoms leads the table of ‘high maternal and fetal risk’ in valvular heart disease in pregnancy. We report t...

Real-time, cross-sectional echocardiograms of the pulmonary valve were recorded in 22 patients with valvular pulmonary stenosis (VPS) (14 mild, eight moderate or severe) and 25 normal subjects. Normally during systole the pulmonary leaflet echoes moved rapidly apart and in the fully opened position lay parallel and in close apposition to the margins of the pulmonary artery. In 20 of 22 patients...