clinically misdiagnosed as choroidal melanoma. Currently, most subretinal tumors assumed to be choroidal melanomas are treated with radiotherapy without histological confirmation. The diagnosis of an RPE carcinoma may therefore be missed. Finger et al described a darkly pigmented subretinal tumor accompanied by inflammation that was suspected of being an adenocarcinoma of the RPE. In several pu...

PURPOSE To report a case of conjunctival inclusion cysts on the corneal limbus of a patient with chronic vernal keratoconjunctivitis during 16 months' follow up. METHODS The patient was a 26 year old male without any specific history of surgery or trauma. Giant papillae, shield ulcers, and Horner-Trantas dots were detected. During the 16 month follow-up, Sodium cromoglycate eye drops and Pred...

BACKGROUND Conjunctival lymphangiectasia is a rare condition presumably caused by the obstruction of lymphatic channels or by an abnormal connection between conjunctival lymphatic and blood vessels. Diagnosis is based on clinical appearance and histology. We report a case of conjunctival lymphangiectasia in which anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to assist the diagnos...

Objective Conjunctivitis is a common disease in neonates. Several bacterial and viral infectious agents may cause it. Tear circulation and blinking has protective effects from bacterial colonization in the conjuntival sac. Reduced blinking increases the possibility of bacterial conjunctivitis. We studied the effect of eye patches on bacterial colonization of the conjunctival sac.  Methods In 1...

PURPOSE To investigate the cellular distribution of the muscarinic receptor (MR) subtypes m1-m5 on the ocular surface and to determine their function in cell growth. METHODS Human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells and conjunctival fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. RT-PCR, real-time PCR, immunostaining and Western blot analyses for m1-m5 were performed on cultured cells and tissue...

PURPOSE To compare the conjunctival, lacrimal sac, and nasal flora cultures and conjunctival normalization time following external (EX-), endoscopic (EN-), and transcanalicular multidiode laser (TC-) dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and to evaluate the relationship between culture positivity and surgical success. We further performed antibiotic sensitivity analyses for lacrimal sac culture samples. ...

Conjunctival concretions are single or clustered lesions frequently found on the palpebral conjunctiva. They commonly present in older individuals, despite being rarely symptomatic. This case report describes an 83-year-old man with multiple conjunctival concretions, which were surgically treated. The patient was symptomatic presentation and did not respond to conservative treatment. For this r...

purpose: to determine the efficacy of primary placement of a titanium sleeve and peg on hydroxyapatite (ha) orbital implants. methods: this retrospective non-comparative interventional case series was performed on 34 patients undergoing enucleation. a standard enucleation technique with primary ha implantation was performed, in which titanium sleeve and peg were placed primarily during the init...

Conjunctival xerosis (X1A) as an independent indicator of VAD: VAD is only one of the several causes of conjunctival xerosis; thus the reliability of this sign (X1A) for independent assessment of VAD in field conditions is questionable [3,4]. Conjunctival xerosis is clinically expressed as marked dryness or unwettability; the affected area appears roughened, with fine droplets or bubbles on the...