The issue whether consciousness is a graded or an all-or-none phenomenon has been and continues to be a debate. Both contradictory accounts are supported by solid evidence. Starting from a level of processing framework allowing for states of partial awareness, here we further elaborate our view that visual experience, as it is most often investigated in the literature, is both graded and all-or...

background and aims: pain diagnosis is a frustrating effort especially due to the barriers in communication with patients in low level of consciousness therefore this study ,aimed at the evaluation of  utilizing bps by nurses for patients who are unable to express their pain because of their low level of consciousness, has been designed. materials and methods: this research is a semi-empirical ...

This paper presents a general three-level framework to represent different states of consciousness. Although awareness, by itself, is an all-or-nothing phenomenon, the state of consciousness depends on the degree to which preconscious and memory states are accessible to awareness. The relative ability to recruit these states and integrate distributed neural activity has a corresponding effect o...

BACKGROUND Carbamazepine is an iminostilbene derivative structurally related to cyclic antidepressants which implies its potential cardiotxic properties, especially in acute poisoning. This study aimed to determine the frequency and severity of cardiovascular complications in carbamazepine intoxication and its relationship with level of consciousness. METHODS Patients with carbamazepine intox...

At first glance, defining unconsciousness may seem easier than defining it's counterpart consciousness. Indeed, consciousness has many definitions 1 , while unconsciousness is " just " the absence of consciousness. However, the study of patients with epilepsy or severe disorders of consciousness (e.g., coma and vegetative states) or focal deficits of consciousness (e.g., blindsight) and studies...