The bulk of public interest in advance directives for health care has focused to date upon the living will. This approach is hampered by a narrow focus and a lack of applicability to many of the situations in which guidance is needed. The major value of the living will may prove to be its role in raising the level of public consciousness. The durable power of attorney concept, though not free o...

The aim of this work is not to compete with the paper by Boly et al. (2013), but rather to look at the issue of consciousness from a different, system-theoretical perspective. According to advice by Sokal and Bricmont that “it’s a good idea to know, what one is talking about” (Sokal and Bricmont, 1999, p. 185), let us assume that consciousness is a dynamically changing part of quasi-static whol...

The purpose of the tutorial is to offer an overview of the theoretical and empirical issues in artificial consciousness. Is it possible to devise, project and build a conscious machine? What are the theoretical challenges? What are the technical difficulties? What is the relation between cognition and consciousness? The most promising models will be sketched and contrasted: Global Work Space, T...

For a neuroscientist, consciousness currently defies any formal operational definition. However, the phenomenon is distinct from self-consciousness: after all, one can "let oneself go," when experiencing extreme emotion, but still be accessing a sentiment, subjective, conscious state. This raw, basic subjective state does not appear to be an exclusive property of the human brain. There is no ob...

Despite anecdotal evidence suggesting conscious states in a variety of non-human animals, no systematic neuroscientific investigation of animal consciousness has yet been undertaken. We set forth a framework for such an investigation that incorporates integration of data from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and behavioral studies, uses evidence from humans as a benchmark, and recognizes the crit...

Two patients in deep hepatic coma due to fulminant viral hepatitis were treated by extracorporeal baboon liver perfusion after failing to respond to medical treatment and three consecutive exchange transfusions. Both patients recovered full consciousness after one liver perfusion, made a complete recovery, and were leading normal lives seven and eight months after treatment. Perfusions were mai...

Abstract Enactive cognitive science combines questions in epistemology, ontology, and ethics by conceiving of bodies as open-ended mutually transforming through activity. While enaction is not a theory ethics, it can contribute to its foundations. We present schematization enactive ideas that underlie traditional distinctions between Being, Knowing, Doing. Ethics this scheme begins the relation...

sustainable purchasing and consuming clothes is a massive trend worldwide due to the great amount of production, its complications and also the active role of women; and is specifically so among young population of iran, though the country is moving towards sustainable development. this article aims to investigate the degree of awareness of the notion of sustainability and its impact on the pur...