We tested the hypothesis that the hindlimb muscles of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) can produce maximal power during running accelerations. The mechanical power developed during single running steps was calculated from force-plate and high-speed video measurements as turkeys accelerated over a trackway. Steady-speed running steps and accelerations were compared to determine how turkeys alt...

Earth science satellite missions currently require orbit determination solutions with position accuracies to within a centimeter. The estimation of empirical accelerations has become commonplace in precise orbit determination (POD) for Earth-orbiting satellites. Dynamic model compensation (DMC) utilizes an exponentially time-correlated system noise process, known as a first-order GaussMarkov pr...

This paper explains the relationship between two existing representations of rigid-body acceleration in a 6-D vector: conventional acceleration, which is the concatenation of two 3-D acceleration vectors, and spatial acceleration, which is the time derivative of a 6-D velocity vector. The two are materially different and obey different composition rules. In particular, spatial accelerations beh...

The mechanism of generation of internal gravity waves (IGW) by mesoscale turbulence in the troposphere is considered. The equations that describe the generation of waves by hydrodynamic sources of momentum, heat and mass are derived. Calculations of amplitudes, wave energy ̄uxes, turbulent viscosities, and accelerations of the mean ̄ow caused by IGWs generated in the troposphere are made. A com...

This article presents a new performance measure, the actuation e ciency, which describes isotropy in acceleration capability for non-redundant manipulators. It measures the imbalance between the end-e ector accelerations achievable in di erent directions. Prior to this, no measure of this characteristic was adequate for a six degree-of-freedom manipulator, because its ende ector motions are ref...

This article presents a new performance meamre, the actuation eficiency, which describes isotropy in acceleration capability for non-redundant manipulators. It measures the imbalance between the end-effector accelerations achievable in different directions. Prior to this, no measurre of this characteriStic was adequate for a six dem-of-freedom manipulator, because its endeffector motions are re...

OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to evaluate whether prenatal zinc supplementation affects maturation of fetal cardiac patterns. STUDY DESIGN A randomized double-blind controlled trial among 242 low-income Peruvian women was performed. Beginning at 10 to 16 weeks' gestation, women received supplements containing 60 mg iron, 250 microg folic acid with or without 25 mg zinc. Fetal heart rat...

There is observational evidence that global sea level is rising and there is concern that the rate of rise will increase, significantly threatening coastal communities. However, considerable debate remains as to whether the rate of sea level rise is currently increasing and, if so, by how much. Here we provide new insights into sea level accelerations by applying the main methods that have been...