Diagnostic negative information presents people with a motivational dilemma. Although negative feedback can provide useful information with which to guide future self-improvement efforts, it also presents short-term affective costs. We propose that construal level, jointly with the perceived changeability of the feedback domain, determines whether people choose to accept or dismiss such informa...

Creative organizations have shifted their daily communication to the virtual environment in response COVID-19. This study examines how media use affects effectiveness between creative leaders and followers from a psychological perspective by reviewing comprehensive literature on leadership, use, distance. A mixed-method methodology is employed investigate ten common configurations. The findings...

A dynamic interactive theory of person construal is proposed. It assumes that the perception of other people is accomplished by a dynamical system involving continuous interaction between social categories, stereotypes, high-level cognitive states, and the low-level processing of facial, vocal, and bodily cues. This system permits lower-level sensory perception and higher-order social cognition...

In a recent reply to our article in Cognition (1984), E. Stabler criticized us on two main points: our construal of transformational grammar (TG) as a “first level” theory; and our claim that a first level construal of TG is crucial, for its psychological relevance. We’d like to dispute both of these points, and in so doing re-emphasize the psychological relevance of modern transformational gra...

Regulatory focus theory distinguishes between self-regulatory processes that focus on promotion and prevention strategies for goal pursuit. Five studies provide support for the hypothesis that these strategies differ for individuals with distinct self-construals. Specifically, individuals with a dominant independent self-construal were predicted to place more emphasis on promotion-focused infor...

The popularity of online games has inspired controversial discussion on the effects of game-play in both mass media and academia. However, we know little about ordinary people’s opinions about the effects of game-play. The current study applies the theory of the third-person effect (TPE) to examine people’s perceptions of game effects on self and on others, and detects significant third-person ...