water balance components are difficult to measure in short intervals because their measurement is time consuming and costly. therefore, soil-water--plant models can be used for prediction of these components. in this study, to predict grain yield and evaluate water use efficiency, an agro-hydrological model, namely, swap was used. this study covered a 10-years period from 2000-2010. based on th...

In India, vehicles on the road are increasing very rapidly. Either more infrastructures required to meet needs of an increase in which costly and time-consuming projects. An intelligent transportation system can also overcome traffic other related problems. this paper, developments achievements India taken into consideration. Some projects listed, recent services added Intelligent Transportatio...

abstarct precise knowledge of all components of water balance is essential to optimize water use in irrigated agriculture. however, water balance components are difficult to measure in required time intervals because their measuring is time consuming and costly. unsaturated zone simulator models are useful tools for predicting the effects of agricultural management on crop water use and can be ...

background: one issue of concern in water supply is the quality of water. measuring the qualitative parameters of water is time-consuming and costly. predicting these parameters using various models leads to a reduction in related expenses and the presentation of overall and comprehensive statistics for water resource management. methods: the present study used an artificial neural network (ann...

furrow irrigation is the most common type of surface irrigation. determine the advance and recession time in the field is required the accurate measurement and this can be costly and time consuming. winsrfr model is used for simulation furrow irrigation by zero inertia and kinematic wave engines. using this model, advance time, reaction time, infiltration depth, runoff depth and application eff...

an important issue in implementation of a gis system is preparation of data to be entered in gis. to produce spatial data for gis using photogrammetric techniques, conventional method is to apply photogrammetric and gis systems individually (off-line procedure). this approach is costly, time consuming and somehow unreliable due to the fact that 3d photogrammetric model is not available at the t...

soil hydraulic properties such as soil water characteristic curve are necessary prerequisite for modeling water movement and solute transport. direct methods of estimating these hydraulic properties are time consuming and costly. indirect methods, such as pedotransfer functions, estimate the hydraulic parameters using easy-to-measure soil properties like particle size distributions, bulk densit...

foodborne pathogens comprise microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites that can be transmitted by food and affect public health worldwide. the most common viruses transmitted via food are hepatitis a virus and norwalk-like caliciviruses. also, the most common bacteria involved in foodborne illnesses are campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, salmonella spp, escherichia coli...

there are two methods for identifying formation interface in oil wells: core analysis, which is a precise approach but costly and time consuming, and well logs analysis, which petrophysists perform, which is subjective and not completely reliable. in this paper, a novel coupled method was proposed to detect the formation interfaces using gr logs. second approximation level (a2) of gr log gained...