Although many linguists employ a category of ‘realisness’ or ‘reality status’ (Elliott 2001) in descriptive and typological work (e.g. Givón 1995, Palmer 2001), doubts linger regarding its cross-linguistic validity (e.g. Bybee 1998). Skeptics of its validity point to semantic inconsistencies in putative reality status systems and the lack of languages exhibiting an obligatory binary realis/irre...

finding persian equivalents for scientific terms is one of the aims of academy of persian language and literature, and more than 50 scientific committees are now working on this scope in terminology department of the academy. genetics and biotechnology terminology committee is one of these teams that started his activity from 2009 and since then approved more than 500 of these terms for use in ...

With the ubiquitous deployment of large scale networks more and more complex human interactions are supported by computer applications. This poses new challenges on the expressiveness of security policy design systems, often requiring the use of new security paradigms. In this paper we identify a restricted type of obligation which is useful to express new security policies. This type of obliga...

If we have a duty not to infect others, how far does it go? This question is often discussed with respect to HIV transmission, but reflection on other diseases like influenza raises a number of interesting theoretical issues. I argue that a duty to avoid infection not only yields requirements for persons who know they carry a disease, but also for persons who know they are at increased risk, an...

the invisible hands of peer reviewers play a determining role in the eventual fate of submissions to international english-medium journals. this study builds on the assumption that non-native researchers and prospective academic authors may find the whole strive for publication, and more specifically, the tough review process, less threatening if they are aware of journal reviewers’ expectation...

Child sex and family socioeconomic status (SES) have been repeatedly identified as a source of inter-individual variation in language development; yet their interactions have rarely been explored. While sex differences are the focus of a renewed interest concerning emerging language skills, data remain scarce and are not consistent across preschool years. The questions of whether family SES imp...

The article analyses and demonstrates the practical application of authors’ method specialist’s professional identity formation through foreign language classes (English, advanced level). methodology is based on principle shaping linguistic personality as a central element identity. authors identify correlation dependence indicated phenomena, basis which foundation study built - selection analy...