Using the time domain master equation for a complex electric-field pulse envelope, we find analytical results for the optical spectra of passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers. The analysis includes the effect of optical nonlinearity of semiconductor lasers, which is characterized by a slow saturable amplifier and absorber. Group velocity dispersion, bandwidth limiting, and self-phase modul...

We report the observation of a Skyrmion lattice in the chiral multiferroic insulator Cu2OSeO3 using Cu L3-edge resonant soft x-ray diffraction. We observe the unexpected existence of two distinct Skyrmion sublattices that arise from inequivalent Cu sites with chemically identical coordination numbers but different magnetically active orbitals. The Skyrmion sublattices are rotated with respect t...

The authors evaluated competing theories that attribute psychopathic individuals' poor passive avoidance to a strong activating system, a weak inhibitory system, or poor modulation of behavioral activation when inhibitory cues appear. In Study 1, the continuous motor task involved a reward phase to elicit the activating system followed by a passive avoidance phase. Study 2 tested the generality...

An autonomous method for recognizing radar pulse modulations based on modulation components analysis is introduced in this paper. Unlike the conventional automatic modulation classification methods which extract modulation features based on a list of known patterns, this proposed method classifies modulations by the existence of basic modulation components including continuous frequency modulat...

in this paper, we studied effect of different parameters including density, viscosity, interfacial tension and solute transfer concentration on phase inversion hold-up. the results showed that change in phase density ratio had no effect on phase inversion hold-up. it also disclosed that the phase viscosity ratio was the most effective parameter affecting phase inversion hold-up and each phase h...

This paper describes the implementation of a differential Continuous Phase FSK (CPFSK) detector suitable for Low-IF receiver architectures. By using both in-phase and quadrature channels the double frequency term resulting after differential detection can be avoided. The digital detector assumes limited I/Q input signals which are 16 times oversampled. The proposed detector can be used for CPFS...

In this paper, we explore the trellis coding of continuous phase QFPM (CPQFPM) signal sets and continuous phase FPM (CPFPM) signal sets, which are embodiments of the quadrature biorthogonal modulation (QBOM) technique. Conventional TCM and multiple TCM schemes with these modulation formats are examined using both the AWGN channel and the Rician fading channel design. Asymptotic coding ains in s...

We demonstrate an on-chip four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme in a silicon nanowaveguide to scale the bandwidth of a frequency comb generated by phase modulation of continuous-wave (CW) lasers. The FWM process doubles the bandwidth of the initial comb generated by the modulation of a CW laser. For example, a wavelength-tunable frequency comb with >100 comb lines spaced by 10 GHz within a bandwidth of...

Introduction: Fibre-optical parametric amplifiers (FOPAs) have shown promising results in terms of both gain level [1] and amplification bandwidth [2]. But some challenges remain to realise practical FOPAs for optical telecommunications [3]. One of the main difficulties is raised by the stimulated Brillouin backscattering experienced by the continuous-wave pump. The phase modulation of the pump...

We investigate a suggested path to self-organized criticality. Originally, this path was devised to "generate criticality" in systems displaying an absorbing-state phase transition, but nothing in its definition forbids the mechanism to be used in any other continuous phase transition. We used the Ising model as well as the Manna model to demonstrate how the finite-size scaling exponents depend...