Asset encumbrance is a central concept in the context of banks’ liquidity crises, as it associated with their capacity to obtain secured funding. This occasional paper summarises work carried out by task force on asset encumbrance, bringing together analyses ECB and those national competent authorities working topic. First, we describe how has evolved euro area banks, focusing country business ...

The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Association (AEA) is de facto standard for research literature in economics. JEL used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers EconLit, a database maintained AEA. Over time, it has evolved extended with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews history development sys...

Although initially originated as a totally empirical relationship to explain the volume of trade between two partners, gravity equation has been the focus of several theoretic models that try to explain it. Specialization models are of great importance in providing a solid theoretic ground for gravity equation in bilateral trade. Some research papers try to improve specialization models by addi...

We investigate which variables have supported growth in the euro area over last 30 years. This is a challenging task due to dimensionality problems: large set of potential determinants, limited data, and prospect that some could be non-stationary. assemble 35 real, financial, monetary, institutional for nine original countries covering period between 1990Q1 2016Q4. Using Weighted-Average Least ...

In this paper, A variable step-size filtered-X LMS (VSS-FXLMS) algorithm is first introduced to replace the filtered-X LMS (FXLMS) algorithm in the main controller of conventional narrowband ANC system, and extensive simulations reveal that this ANC system may also suffer from significant performance degradation in the presence of Frequency mismatch (FM), although it acts better in the key char...

The study investigates the role of financial sector in mobilization oil resources for development Nigerian economy. While period covers between 1981 and 2019, research utilizes principal component analysis (PCA) approach to construct a composite proxy from five variable indicators. Also, deploys fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimate impact revenue on Nigeria’s economic growth. ...

We present a new estimator for causal effects with panel data that builds on insights behind the widely used difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods. Relative to these methods we find, both theoretically empirically, this “synthetic difference-in-differences” has desirable robustness properties, it performs well in settings where conventional estimators are commonly practice. st...