in spite of the fact that paradox as an unknown literary device has largely been ignored, it has been a source of amazement and, consequently, aesthetic joy due to deviation from norm, ambiguity, the saliency of meaning, and laconism. one of the subtle points receiving little attention in arabic literature, especially in nahjol balaghah, is the study of paradoxical elements. the most significan...

the political crisis in lebanon during the past three years has remained one of the critical issues in the regional and international scenes. this article attempts to examine the short-term and long-term causes of the political crisis in lebanon. it proposes that demographic changes in favor of the shias, increased power of hezbollah, the multi-ethnic structure of lebanese society, the type of ...

this study examined historical and religious characters and events emanating myth of phoenix manifesting renewal and resurrection after death and destruction in adonis’s poetries. these concepts is symbols of realities in arabic societies. adonis described the society in vortex of leeway, inaction and absolute death. considering phoenix as a symbol of revolutionary human, adonis tried to back t...