How effort is internally quantified and how it influences both movement generation and decisions between potential movements are 2 difficult questions to answer. Physical costs are known to influence motor control and decision-making, yet we lack a general, principled characterization of how the perception of effort operates across tasks and conditions. Morel and colleagues introduce an insight...

Dr. Weaver is Associate Director, Center for Educational Policy and Research; Ms. Whittaker is Managing Editor; Dr. Valachovic is Executive Director; and Ms. Broom is Associate Executive Director and General Counsel, all at the American Dental Education Association. Direct correspondence to Angela Broom, American Dental Education Association, 1625 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036; 2...

Replay debugging systems enable the reproduction and debugging of non-deterministic failures in production application runs. However, no existing replay system is suitable for datacenter applications like Cassandra, Hadoop, and Hypertable. On these large scale, distributed, and data intensive programs, existing replay methods either incur excessive production recording overheads or are unable t...

The act of making a choice, apart from any outcomes the choice may yield, has, paradoxically, been linked to both the enhancement and the detriment of intrinsic motivation. Research has implicated two factors in potentially mediating these contradictory effects: the personal control conferred by a choice and the costs associated with a choice. Across four experiments, utilizing a physical effor...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002885.].

Guidance and control of aircraft in the landing phase imposes extra pilot work loads, hence application of automatic landing control systems is of great importance. In this study automatic landing control systems are introduced and an optimal landing control system is designed. The control system performance criteria are based on minimum control effort. The designed system is simulated for a tr...

Given two rewarding stimuli, animals tend to choose the more rewarding (or less effortful) option. However, they also move faster toward that stimulus [1-5]. This suggests that reward and effort not only affect decision-making, they also influence motor control [6, 7]. How does the brain compute the effort requirements of a task? Here, we considered data acquired during walking, reaching, flyin...

This paper presents a new active queue management (AQM) scheme -Fuzzy Explicit Marking (FEM)supporting explicit congestion notification (ECN), to provide congestion control in TCP/IP besteffort networks using a fuzzy logic control approach. While many AQM mechanisms have recently been proposed, these require careful configuration of nonintuitive control parameters, and show weaknesses to detect...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes mellitus and its related comorbidities present a growing challenge in perioperative medicine. And also largely independent from a history of diabetes, dysregulations of glucose homeostasis occur as part of the body's stress response. Dysregulations of glucose homeostasis, acute or chronic, are closely correlated with impaired prognosis in perioperative medicine. Treat...

In this paper, the enhancement of vehicle stability and handling is investigated by control of the active geometry suspension system (AGS). This system could be changed through control of suspension mounting point’s position in the perpendicular direction to wishbone therefore the dynamic is alternative and characteristics need to change. For this purpose, suitable controller needs to change...