T paper presents a project management policy in which the appearance of software faults during system construction is used to determine the timing of system integration activities (e.g., team meetings, analyzing modules for interface inconsistencies, system fault correction, and so on). System integration is performed only if a threshold fault count has been exceeded; otherwise, module developm...

BACKGROUND In many countries, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is used to assess whether an intervention is worth its costs. At the same time, policy makers often feel uncomfortable with refusing reimbursement of any intervention purely on the basis of the fact that the ICER exceeds a specific threshold value. Reluctance to define a single threshold value for the ICER seems to ha...

We consider a retailer with limited inventories of identically priced, substitutable products. Customers arrive sequentially and the firm decides which subset of products to offer to each arriving customer depending on the customer’s preferences, the inventory levels, and the remaining time in the season. We show that the optimal assortment policy is to offer all available products if the custo...

An Integrated Pest Management is formulated as a threshold policy. It is shown that when this strategy is applied to a food web consisting of generalist, specialist predators and endemic and pest prey, the dynamics can be stable and useful from the pest control point of view, despite the dynamical complexities inherent to the application of biocontrol only. In addition, pesticide toxicity depen...

background: hiv/aids control are one of the most important goals of the health systems. the aim of this study was to determine how hiv/aids control was initiated among policy makers' agenda setting in iran.   methods: a qualitative research (semi-structured interview) was conducted using kingdon's framework (problem, policy and politics streams, and policy windows and policy entrepreneurs) to a...

We study the threshold control protocol for a collective flashing ratchet. In particular, we analyze the dependence of the current on the values of the thresholds. We have found analytical expressions for the small threshold dependence both for the few and for the many particle cases. For few particles the current is a decreasing function of the thresholds, thus, the maximum current is reached ...

With the trend of globalization, supply chains are increasingly extended and uncertainties associated with material flow along the supply chain have become a major challenge in the planning process. In this study, we examine the effect of supply uncertainty on dynamically managing a two-stage supply chain under both centralized and decentralized controls. Specifically, the downstream faces dema...

Depopulation of birds has always been an effective method not only to control the transmission of avian influenza in bird populations but also to eliminate influenza viruses. We introduce a Filippov avian-only model with culling of susceptible and/or infected birds. For each susceptible threshold level [Formula: see text], we derive the phase portrait for the dynamical system as we vary the inf...

In this work we develop a SD model for a make-to-order (MTO) three-stage capacitated production/inventory system. We employ a production order release mechanism affiliated with the automated pipeline inventory and order based production control system (APIOBPCS) policies family. The production rates at each stage are defined under alternative policies. One of the policies considers the human be...

Origin-destination (OD) matrices are essential for various analyses in the field of traffic planning, and they are often estimated from link flow observations. We compare strategies for allocating link flow detectors to a traffic network with respect to the quality of the estimated OD-matrix. First, an overview of allocation strategies proposed in the literature is presented. Second, we give an...