Introduction: Controlled hypotension is one of the techniques applied to several microscopic ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeries. However, this technique has risks complications, which result in impaired perfusion oxygenation organs including brain that could trigger postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Damage occurs cells can secretion biomarker proteins blood, S100B indicate nerve da...

UNLABELLED This quantitative systematic review compared the efficacy and safety of ephedrine with phenylephrine for the prevention and treatment of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Seven randomized controlled trials (n = 292) were identified after a systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry), published articles...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to establish a patient-controlled, ambulatory norepinephrine treatment of refractory orthostatic hypotension due to primary autonomic failure. BACKGROUND Autonomic dysfunction leads to disabling postural hypotension. Particularly in primary autonomic dysfunction, repeated syncope and immobilization can be the result. Medical treatment of orthostatic hypotens...

Severity of hemorrhage and rate of bleeding are fundamental factors in the outcomes of trauma. Intravenous administration of fluid is the basic treatment to maintain blood pressure until bleeding is controlled. The main guideline, used almost worldwide, Advanced Trauma Life Support, established by the American College of Surgeons in 1976, calls for aggressive administration of intravenous fluid...

We have studied 20 patients undergoing local resection of intraocular melanoma during hypotensive anaesthesia, allocated randomly to receive either manual control by an experienced anaesthetist or closed-loop computer control of an infusion of a 5:1 mixture of trimetaphan camsylate (TMP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). There were no significant differences in the smallest systolic and diastolic...

Forty-seven patients with hypertension and/or cerebrovascular disease were examined by an acute controlled hypotension test. This was performed by intravenous administration of the ganglionic blocking agent pentholonium and head-up tilting on a pivoted table with observation of the clinical neurological state and simultaneous EEG recording. Blood pressure was reduced by approximately 55% and br...

Over an 8-year period (1977-1984), 1,802 otorhinolaryngological procedures were performed under controlled hypotension. Four patients showed symptoms of cerebral damage post-operatively. One patient had pre-operative unrecognized stenosis of the internal carotid artery, another a hypoplastic vertebral artery. In this female patient, the head had been strongly rotated to the side to expose the s...

Hemostasis is critical for adequate anatomical visualization during endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. Reduction of intraoperative bleeding should be considered during the treatment planning and continued throughout the perioperative period. Preoperative preparations include the optimization of comorbidities and cessation of drugs that may inhibit coagulation. Intraoperative consideration...

Systemic hypotension causes a greater degree of vasoconstriction in intestine from 3- than from 35-day-old postnatal swine. To determine the basis for this age-dependent difference, systemic hypotension (pressure reduction to ∼50% of baseline) was induced by creating pericardial tamponade in postnatal swine instrumented to allow measurement of intestinal hemodynamics and oxygenation in vivo. Hy...

THE EFFECTS of altered arterial blood pressure on cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) have been well documented by Lassen 1'2 and Olesen 3 in man, and by Rapela, 4 Waltz ~ and Yashon 6 in dogs. The critical determinants of cerebral blood flow are the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and the cerebrovascular resistance (CVR). The CPP is the difference between the driving force of the mean arterial press...