We derive a new formalism for convective motions involving two radial flows. This formalism provides a framework for convective models that guarantees consistency for the chemistry and the energy budget in the flows, allows time-dependence and accounts for the interaction of the convective motions with the global contraction or expansion of the star. In the one-stream limit the formalism reprod...

This study investigates the sensitivity of the estimated monthly convective rain fraction— that is, the percentage of the areal rain accumulation contributed by precipitation identified as convective—to variations of the Z–R parameters used in radar-based rainfall estimation. Accurate knowledge of the fractions of precipitation that are convective and stratiform is important for climatological ...

Herein, a summary of the authors’ experiences with 36-h real-time explicit (4 km) convective forecasts with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) during the 2003–05 spring and summer seasons is presented. These forecasts are compared to guidance obtained from the 12-km operational Eta Model, which employed convective parameterization (e.g., Betts–Miller–Janjić)....

Our objectives are to use both acoustic remote sensing and in situ profile observations of large amplitude internal waves, together with highly resolved numerical simulation, so as to develop a predictive understanding of their behavior, with application to their generation by flow past topography, their contribution to mass and momentum transport, mixing, modulation of near surface bubble clou...

[1] An analysis of thunderstorm environment, structure, and evolution associated with six gigantic jets (five negative polarity, one positive) was conducted. Three of these gigantic jets were observed within detection range of very high frequency lightning mapping networks. All six were within range of operational radars and two-dimensional lightning network coverage: five within the National L...

Previous studies have demonstrated that treatments such as a canopy or finlets placed within boundary layer can shield surfaces from unsteady pressure fluctuations without substantially compromising the aerodynamic performance. This paper describes research into fundamental mechanisms of this phenomenon known shielding. Unidirectional is an idealized surface treatment which consists streamwise ...

In the Colorado State University general circulation model, cumulus detrainment of cloud water and cloud ice has been, up to now, the only direct coupling between convective and large-scale condensation processes. This one-way interaction from the convective to the large-scale environment parameterizes, in a highly simplified manner, the growth of anvils spreading horizontally at the tops of na...

The jlux integral method is a procedure for constructing an explicit single-step forward-in-time conservative control-volume update of the unsteady multidimensional convection-d@usion equation. The convective-plusdifjiiveJlux at each face of a control-volume cell is estimated by integrating the transported variable and its face-normal derivative over the volume swept out by the convecting veloc...

This paper investigates methods for quantifying convective weather delay reduction benefits for weather/ATM systems and recommends approaches for future assessments. This topic is particularly important at this time because: 1. Convective weather delays continue to be a dominant factor in the overall National Airspace System (NAS) delays, and 2. Benefits quantification and NAS performance asses...

One possible fate of an accreting white dwarf is explosion in a type Ia supernova. However, the route to the thermonuclear runaway has always been uncertain owing to the lack of a convective model consistent with the Urca process. We derive a formalism for convective motions involving two radial flows. This formalism provides a framework for convective models that guarantees self-consistency fo...