Unasylva 230, Vol. 59, 2008 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fourth assessment report (IPCC, 2007) estimated that the forest sector contributes 17.4 percent of all greenhouse gases from anthropogenic sources; most of this is due to deforestation and forest degradation. The Stern Review on the economics of climate change (Stern, 2007), furthermore, observed that “curbing deforesta...

Abstract   Vertical cooperative (co-op) advertising is typically a cost sharing mechanism and coordinated effort by the channel’s members in order to increase demand and overall profits. In this marketing strategy, the manufacturer shares a fraction of the retailer’s advertising investment. This paper studies the advertising and pricing decisions in a retailer-manufacturer supply chain in which...

899 JUNE 2007 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | T he Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) was established in the 1890s to make daily meteorological observations across the United States, primarily for agricultural purposes. The COOP network has since become the backbone of temperature and precipitation data that characterize means, trends, and extremes in U.S. climate. COOP data are routinely us...

Game Theory pioneers J. von Neumann and O. Morgenstern gave most of their attention to the cooperative side of the subject. But cooperative game theory has had relatively little effect on economics. In this essay, I suggest why that might be and what is needed for cooperative theory to become more relevant to economics. Cooperative game theory is the part of game theory that pertains when playe...

• Most tea farmers in Nepal are aware of climate change and how to adapt it. Common adaptation strategies crop diversification, soil conservation, agroforestry, the usage less climate-sensitive cultivars. Farmers who members a cooperative, have access credit, attended frequent training generally used wider range strategies. Many not government's strategic plans increase production export Nepale...

Reading comprehension has recently been reconceptualized in EFL reading instruction to foreground the importance of putting a social perspective on learning. Developed as a crucial aspect of Vygotskian sociocultural theory, activity theory views reading as a socially-mediated activity, for which the prerequisite cognitive processes are distributed among teacher, individual reader, other student...

The present study compared the effect of cooperative group feedback and cooperative group writing techniques in writing classes. Accordingly, 90 male and female intermediate English language learners sat for a sample piloted Preliminary English Test and 60 who scored one standard deviation above and below the mean were selected as the main participants. Both groups were taught the same course b...

groundwater is one of the common resources in varamin plain, but due to over extraction it has been exposed to ruin. this phenomenon will lead to economic and environmental problems. on the other hand, the world is expected to face with more stochastic events of water supply. furthermore, incorporating stochastic consideration of water supply becomes more acute in designing water facilities. th...

in this paper, we analyze the effect of lack of capital investment on energy projects using game theory in the guise of cooperative games. we focus on the energy projects in the provincial level as case study during 2010-2011. therefore, we design a theoretical model of the lack of capital investment as a factor influencing the implement of energy projects. in the experimental section, we deter...