OBJECTIVE To assess whether publicly funded adult cancer trials satisfy the uncertainty principle, which states that physicians should enroll a patient in a trial only if they are substantially uncertain which of the treatments in the trial is most appropriate for the patient. This principle is violated if trials systematically favour either the experimental or the standard treatment. DESIGN ...

A parametric optimality principle (choice function) in a finite cooperative game of several persons is determined. This principle is specified by means of partition of players set into coalitions. It generates a set of generally efficient situations. Extreme cases of such a partition correspond to Pareto optimal situation and Nash equilibrium situation. For a situation, efficient for a given pa...

Abstract This article deals with the existence, multiplicity, minimal complexity, and global structure of subharmonic solutions to a class planar Hamiltonian systems periodic coefficients, being classical predator-prey model V. Volterra its most paradigmatic example. By means topological approach based on techniques from bifurcation theory, first part paper ascertains their nature, multiplicity...

The complex biological processes that control cellular function are mediated by intricate networks of molecular interactions. Accumulating evidence indicates that these interactions are often interdependent, thus acting cooperatively. Cooperative interactions are prevalent in and indispensible for reliable and robust control of cell regulation, as they underlie the conditional decision-making c...