A 42-year-old man was referred to our hospital for an electrophysiologic study because of recurrent episodes of palpitation. On coronary angiogram, an anomalous atresia of the coronary sinus (CS) ostium was discovered. The ablation catheter was inserted from the right femoral artery to the accessory pathway (AP) of posterior paraseptal area. The earliest retrograde atrial activation was recorde...

Introduction: The cavernous sinus (CS) is a very important concept because it is not only interesting to anatomical theory but also useful to clinical medicine, especially in the field of surgery. This paper described the microsurgical anatomy of the CS with special attention to its concept that the CS was really venous sinus or plexus. Materials and Methods: Fifty CSs from 25 Chinese adult cad...

we present a very rare case of partially unroofed coronary sinus without persistent left superior vena cava in a 74 years old female with a history of hypertension, severe myxomatous bileaflet mitral valve prolapse with severe eccentric mitral regurgitation which was diagnosed during cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND For successful cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) a spatial and electrical separation of right and left ventricular electrodes is essential. The spatial distribution of electrical delays within the coronary sinus (CS) tributaries has not yet been identified. OBJECTIVE Electrical delays within the CS are described during sinus rhythm (SR) and right ventricular pacing (RVP). A c...

OBJECTIVES We examined the feasibility and efficacy of using a single-pass, dual-electrode (Solo) lead for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection and defibrillation. BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of an implantable atrial defibrillator (IAD) has been extensively studied; however, separate right atrial (RA) and coronary sinus (CS) defibrillation leads are used for the present system. METHODS...

Objective: It has been observed that the cannulation of the coronary sinus (CS) is easier in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). In this study, we aimed to test the validity of this observation Methods: We included 29 patients undergoing electrophysiological study (EPS) with the diagnosis of tachycardia and 22 patients undergoing coronary artery angiography (CAG) T...

BACKGROUND The left superior vena cava (LSVC) is the embryological precursor of the ligament of Marshall, which has been implicated in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Rarely, the LSVC may persist and has been associated with some organized arrhythmias, though not with AF. We report 5 patients in whom the LSVC was a source of ectopy, initiating AF. METHODS AND RESUL...

BACKGROUND The standard lead configuration for internal atrial defibrillation consists of a shock between electrodes in the right atrial appendage (RAA) and coronary sinus (CS). We tested the hypothesis that the atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) of this RAA-->CS configuration would be lowered with use of an additional electrode at the atrial septum (SP). METHODS AND RESULTS Sustained atr...

A 32-year-old man underwent catheter ablation of an orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. The sinus rhythm electrocardiogram exhibited a normal PQ interval and no delta waves, but atrial pacing produced a prolonged PQ interval and wide QRS morphology with right bundle-branch block due to antegrade accessory pathway (AP) conduction. During the tachycardia, atrial double potentials ...

An 84-year-old woman implanted with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator underwent transvenous lead extraction 4 mo after the implant due to pocket infection. Atrial and right ventricular leads were easily extracted, while the attempt to remove the coronary sinus (CS) lead was unsuccessful. A few weeks later a new extraction procedure was performed in our center. A stepwise approach ...