Hormones exert powerful influences on body fat distribution in humans. Studies under fully controlled conditions in vitro have indicated that cortisol and insulin facilitate lipid accumulation by expressing lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Growth hormone (GH) abolishes this and turns metabolism towards lipid mobilization. Testosterone and GH inhibit LPL and stimulate lipolysis markedly. Cortisol effec...

The effectiveness of, and increasing indications for, the use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma of varying severity prompts important questions to be raised relating to safety and the possibility of adverse systemic steroid effects. This concern is not new and has already resulted in guidelines on the use of spacer devices for high dose inhaled steroids in order to decrease systemic absorpti...

After nursing, pups of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) are approximately 46% body fat and rely almost entirely on the oxidation of their large fat stores to sustain their metabolism for the ensuing 8-12 week postweaning fast, which is a natural component of their life history. Thus, fasting pups provide an ideal opportunity to examine the hormonal alterations associated wit...

Adrenal corticosteroids are essential for life, and an appreciation of the mechanisms underpinning their synthesis, secretion, and mode of action in normal physiology is essential if the physician is to diagnose and treat patients who have Cushing's syndromes effectively. In each case, there have been clinically significant advances in the knowledge base over recent years, notably in the unders...

Background. Earlier we showed that the newly created sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium drinking mineral waters “Myroslava” (5 g/L) and “Khrystyna” (10 have favorable effects on neuroendocrine-immune complex metabolism of patients with their violations. At same time, influence both one constellation parameters is similar, despite twofold difference in mineralization, while other it different. Th...

Fluticasone propionate (FP) is generally considered to have twice the efficacy of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on a weight-to-weight basis for the control of asthma, and may have lesser effects on adrenal function. However, the effects of FP and BDP on skin integrity and bone metabolism markers require further examination. Sixty-nine asthmatic subjects were enrolled in a double-blind cross...

CONTEXT Patients with treated adrenal insufficiency (AI) have increased morbidity and mortality rate. Our goal was to improve outcome by developing a once-daily (OD) oral hydrocortisone dual-release tablet with a more physiological exposure-time cortisol profile. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare pharmacokinetics and metabolic outcome between OD and the same daily dose of thrice-daily (TID) do...

The results obtained in the study showed that sheep subjected to a new stress factor (restraint) following twice-applied action of another stress factor (isolation from the flock), maximum ACTH concentration was considerably higher than in the group of sheep subjected to single restraint stress, whereas the values of maximum cortisol concentration were similar. It distinctly indicated a diverge...

The thyroid gland in fish mainly secretes the thyroid prohormone 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T₄), and extrathyroidal outer ring deiodination (ORD) of the prohormone to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T₃) is pivotal in thyroid hormone economy. Despite its importance in thyroid hormone metabolism, factors that regulate ORD are still largely unresolved in fish. In addition, the osmoregulatory role of T...

Cortisol is a key regulator of the immune system, energy metabolism, and stress, yet its relevance to fatigue experienced by people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) remains uncertain. We examined cortisol secretory activity in RRMS and its association with fatigue severity between-individuals and within-individuals (day-to-day) using a case-control ecological momentary assessm...