We investigated the adsorption and chemical conjugation of avidin and its deglycosylated form, neutravidin, on films of regenerated and nanofibrillar cellulose. The dynamics and extent of biomolecular attachment were monitored in situ by quartz crystal microbalance microgravimetry and ex situ via surface analyses with atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The installatio...

The directed three-dimensional self-assembly of microstructures and nanostructures through the selective hybridization of DNA is the focus of great interest toward the fabrication of new materials. Single-stranded DNA is covalently attached to polystyrene latex microspheres. Single-stranded DNA can function as a sequence-selective Velcro by only bonding to another strand of DNA that has a compl...

Adequate selection of the electrode surface and the strategies for its modification to enable subsequent immobilization of biomolecules and/or nanomaterials integration play a major role in the performance of electrochemical affinity biosensors. Because of the simplicity, rapidity and versatility, electrografting using diazonium salt reduction is among the most currently used functionalization ...

This article presents a micro-manufacturing method for direct, projection printing of 3dimensional (3D) scaffolds for applications in the field of tissue engineering by using a digital micro-mirror-array device (DMD) in a layer-by-layer process. Multi-layered scaffolds are microfabricated using curable materials through an ultraviolet (UV) photopolymerization process. The pre-patterned UV light...

Metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs or NTs) are the ideal nanometer-scale wire, as they can withstand current densities up to 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than copper currently used in electronic chips [1]. These conductive NTs can be utilized as nano-electrodes to electrically contact another nanoscale object, such as a single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) or metallic nanopart...

As demonstrated by means of DNA nanoconstructs, as well as DNA functionalization of nanoparticles and micrometre-scale colloids, complex self-assembly processes require components to associate with particular partners in a programmable fashion. In many cases the reversibility of the interactions between complementary DNA sequences is an advantage. However, permanently bonding some or all of the...

Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) is the most common polymer matrix used in the fabrication of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). However, the surfaces of PVC-based sensors have been reported to show membrane instability. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, here we developed two alternative methods for the preparation of highly stable and robust ion-selective sensors. These platforms are based on ...

The attachment of antibodies onto polyaniline nanofibres using covalent chemistry was investigated for the first time. Polyaniline nanofibres were functionalised post-polymerisation to attach either amide or carboxylic acid side-groups. These templates could then be further modified to attach antibodies, specifically in this instance mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG). The resultant conjugates were c...

The surface topography of red blood cells (RBCs) was investigated under near-physiological conditions using atomic force microscopy (AFM). An immobilization protocol was established where RBCs are coupled via molecular bonds of the membrane glycoproteins to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), which is covalently and flexibly tethered to the support. This results in a tight but non-invasive attachment ...

We have used two self-annealing template-primers (TPs) to covalently cross-link the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I in its polymerase mode. The specificity of cross-linking is demonstrated by the observation that other template-primers, but not the template or primer alone, readily compete with self-annealing TPs. The enzyme-TP covalent complex is catalytically active and c...