Viral myocarditis (VM), a severe clinical condition characterized by cardiac inflammation, is most frequently induced as a result of coxsackievirus infection. Evidence suggests that microRNAs may have significant roles in the progression of cardiac injury during coxsackievirus infection. Concurrently, microRNA (miR)-214 was found to be upregulated in the plasma and myocardial cells during this ...

BACKGROUND Coxsackievirus B3 is an important infectious agent of viral myocarditis, pancreatitis and aseptic meningitis, but there are no specific antiviral therapeutic reagents in clinical use. RNA interference-based technology has been developed to prevent the viral infection. METHODS To evaluate the impact of RNA interference on viral replication, cytopathogenicity and animal survival, sho...

Despite their high clinical and socioeconomic impacts, there is currently no approved antiviral therapy for the prophylaxis or treatment of enterovirus infections. Here we report on a novel inhibitor of enterovirus replication, compound 1, 2-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-8-(3-(methylsulfonyl)benzylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)phenol. This compound exhibited a broad spectrum of antiviral activity, as i...

Crowell, Richard L. (Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.). Specific cell-surface alteration by enteroviruses as reflected by viral-attachment interference. J. Bacteriol. 91:198-204. 1966.-Exposure of HeLa cells to high levels of coxsackievirus B3 produced cells which were refractory to attachment of coxsackievirus B1, whereas poliovirus T2 attached normally. Under similar conditions, p...

Several poliovirus and coxsackievirus isolates from environmental sources were compared with laboratory strains to determine their rate of inactivation by chlorine. All viruses were tested for up to 1,000 min in the presence of an initial free residual chlorine level of ca. 0.4 mg/liter. Coxsackievirus B5 (CB-5) isolates were found to be more resistant to chlorine than coxsackievirus B4 (CB-4),...

Coxsackievirus was first discovered as a filterable agent associated with a paralytic syndrome, so named for its identification in Coxsackie, New York (coxsackievirus type A).1 Coxsackievirus type B (CVB) was isolated the following year from patients with aseptic meningitis,2 and by the mid-1950s, an association with acute myocarditis in humans was becoming clear.3–6 Many other viruses have sin...

The Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) is known for its role in virus uptake and as a protein of the tight junction. It is predominantly expressed in the developing brain and heart and reinduced upon cardiac remodeling in heart disease. So far, the physiological functions of CAR in the adult heart are largely unknown. We have generated a heart-specific inducible CAR knockout (KO) and foun...

Tissue from the explanted hearts of 21 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or 19 patients with other specific heart muscle diseases were investigated for presence of enterovirus-specific RNA with an enterovirus group-specific cDNA probe. This was complementary to coxsackievirus B2 RNA sequences between nucleotide numbers 6,550 and 7,400, which are highly conserved between enteroviru...

A wide range of diseases is associated with enteroviruses.They are reported to be responsible for viral meningitis, especially in children, but also in adults.This study analysed infection with eight selected coxsackievirus serotypes as the cause of aseptic meningitis in 480 patients in Slovakia from 2005 to 2009,using a quantitative assay for the detection of intrathecal antibodies. Intratheca...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether enterovirus RNA can be demonstrated in archival necropsy material in acute myocarditis. DESIGN Analysis of paraffin embedded myocardial tissue from cases of acute myocarditis. SETTING University virology department. METHODS Extraction of RNA from tissue followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis. PATIENTS Six patients with histol...