The Anterior Clinoid Processe (ACP) and Middle Clinoid Process (MCP) are sometimes connected by an osseous bridge formed by ossification of Carotico-clinoid Ligament (CCL), converting the distal end of carotid sulcus into an ostium called the Carotico-clinoid Foramen (CCF). Through the CCF passes one of the segment of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA). The CCF is the result of ossification of eithe...

This paper surveys the opinions expressed in the recent literature on the origins of the anatomically- modern Homo sapiens, and reviews the evidence from cranial and dental morphology argued by proponents of opposing views to support their case. It also critically analyses problems facing the interpretation of the evidence in arriving at a definitive conclusion to the debate.

A well preserved specimen of the theropod Ceratosaurus from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of western Colorado was recently described and given the name C. magnicornis. The systematics of the genus is outside the scope of the present study but, as a generally accepted basal tetanuran, the braincase was CT scanned to provide a description of the endocranium, inner ear, pneumatic, and veno...