Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) in the craniocervical junction are rare but clinically important. DAVFs can be associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a feature distinguishing them from DAVFs in the thoracolumbar region. These lesions are often overlooked at cerebral angiography performed to assess SAH and account for a small proportion of angiographically negative SAHs. After manag...

We have treated 175 patients with a chordoma over a ten-year period. Only two had a family history of the condition and we describe these in this paper. In one patient the tumour was at the craniocervical junction and in the other the lesion affected the sacrum. We have undertaken a literature review of familial chordoma and have identified chromosomal abnormalities associated with the condition.

Although dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) occur in any structure that is covered by the dura mater, DAVFs at the posterior condylar canal have not been reported. We present a DAVF that involves the posterior condylar canal and drains into the posterior condylar vein and the occipital sinus, which was treated by selective transvenous embolization. Knowledge of venous anatomy of the craniocer...

Study design: Retrospective case review. Introduction: Ischemic insults from blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) can lead to significant cranial and spinal injury. Specific spine fracture patterns have been identified as more predictive of BCVI, such as vertebral subluxation, fractures through the foramen transversarium, and C1 through C3 fractures. Adequate screening and early treatment has ...

BACKGROUND Recent new anatomical and histological features of craniocervical junction in dogs and cats were described providing evidence of differences between the carnivore species. No information on these structures in foxes exists. RESULTS Two parts of the alar ligaments were found. A longer one aroused from dens of axis to the internal (medial) surface of the occipital condyles and was ca...

This article summarizes the development of an analytical method for the determination of proanthocyanidin (PAC) A2 in phenolic polymer isolates following acid-catalyzed degradation in the presence of excess phloroglucinol. Isolates from concentrated cranberry juice (CCJ) were extensively characterized and molar extinction coefficients were determined for the terminal A2 and phloroglucinol adduc...

This study examines the properties of calcifying human costal cartilage and adjacent rib bone using qualitative and quantitative micro-computed tomography analysis. Calcifications are categorized with respect to location, microstructure, shape, and contiguity using a novel classification scheme and quantified in terms of mineral density, volume fraction, and length of infiltration from the cost...