Introduction. Crowd employment is a new form of short term employment that has been rapidly becoming a source of income for a vast number of people around the globe. It differs considerably from more traditional forms of work, yet similar ethical and optimization issues arise. One key to tackle such challenges is to understand what motivates the international crowd workforce. In this regard, we...

Following the hypotheses suggested by Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson (2001 and 2002) and Engerman and Sokoloff (1997 and 2002), this paper presents evidence concerning the importance of colonial origins in understanding differences in current levels of schooling. Conditions faced by colonizers, such as potential settler mortality, density of native population, and the characteristics of factor...

Cross-country ski racing has evolved rapidly in recent years. Of particular interest has been the development and proliferation of the faster freestyle or skating techniques. In spite of changes in technique and equipment, the fact that elite cross-country ski racers have some of the highest aerobic power values reported for endurance athletes has not changed. Successful ski racers have higher ...

This short paper uses cross-country data on per capita cigarette consumption and selected socio-economic variables to explain inter-country differentials in consumption. It is found that the proportion of the aged in the total population and higher literacy among women have relatively greater and positive impact on cigarette consumption. Even after controlling for the effect of the two variable...

A multi-country Schumpeterian growth model is constructed. Because of technology transfer, all R&D-performing countries converge to parallel growth paths. All other countries stagnate. Any parameter change that would have raised a country’s growth rate in standard Schumpeterian theory will permanently raise its productivity and per-capita income relative to other countries and raise the world g...

*This paper is the result of work being undertaken as part of a collaborative research program entitled ‘Unemployment: Economic Analysis and Policy Modelling’. The project is generously supported by the Australian Research Council and the following collaborative partners: Commonwealth Department of Family and Community Services, Commonwealth Department of Employment, Workplace Relations and Sma...

Using a recently introduced nonparametric test, I investigate two important and distinct asymmetries in cross-country quarterly macroeconomic time series. Asymmetries are suggested by many theories (old and new), and those discovered aid in the selection of the appropriate nonlinear time series representation (useful, for example, in both forecasting and policy guidance). Further, asymmetries c...

Low-income countries spend a greater portion of their budget on food and are more responsive to income and food price changes than middleand highincome countries. Higher value food products undergo greater budget adjustments to price and income shocks, while budgets for staple food products like cereal change the least. 1 Anita Regmi and Jason Bernstein are agricultural economists, and M.S. Dee...

External debt accrues as a result of borrowing by Australian residents from residents of other countries. It includes the borrowings of both the private and government sectors. Net external debt represents gross debt less lending by Australian residents to non-residents. Debt, however, is not the only form of external liability. Foreigners can also hold equity claims in the form of share portfo...