objectives: hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a major public health problem worldwide with serious complications. according to the importance of intravenous drug use (idu) as the main risk factor for hcv infection and transmission and prison as the main source of risky behaviors, this study conducted to define hcv infection and related risk factors in prison inmates with history of idu in is...

conclusions although hdv had low prevalence in our area, it is vital to plan preventive strategies for hdv spread as well as hbv prevention. it is particularly important to suspect hdv infection in active hbv carriers to manage a particularly severe dual infection. hdv infection should be suspected even in negative hbsag patients having “isolated anti-hbc” profile. results prevalence of hdv was...

BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated tuberculosis (TB) has become a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs are inevitably exposed to TB, due to frequent interaction with patients with undiagnosed and potentially contagious TB. Whenever there is a possibility of exposure, implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices is critical. OBJECTIVE Following a hi...

patients and methods the study population consisted of all patients with type iiia gastilo open fractures of tibial shaft, with or without fibula fracture (caused by trauma). after wound irrigation, debridement, and wound swab sampling for microbial culture, all patients received prophylactic antibiotic regimens in fitting with their wound class. no topical antibiotics were used with a 6-month ...

results the mean age of chb patients was 38.5± 11.9 years and 55.9% of them (231 patients) were male. there were 13 cases (3.1%) with hdv infection. there was no association between positive anti-hdv serology and factors such as age, gender, carrier state, liver enzymes, and positive hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) serology. conclusions although hdv had a low prevalence in our area, it is importa...

This article gives a very brief overview of the antibiotic era, beginning from the discovery of first antibiotics until the present day situation, which is marred by the emergence of hard-to-treat multiple antibiotic-resistant infections. The ways of responding to the antibiotic resistance challenges such as the development of novel strategies in the search for new antimicrobials, designing mor...