Terrestrial laser scanning is a powerful technology for capturing the three-dimensional structure of forests with a high level of detail and accuracy. Over the last decade, many algorithms have been developed to extract various tree parameters from terrestrial laser scanning data. Here we present 3D Forest, an open-source non-platform-specific software application with an easy-to-use graphical ...

Forest resource inventories must include wood quality information to support the optimum use of wood fibre. The objective of this study was to develop models relating maximum live branch diameter (MBD), which affects lumber value, to tree and stand characteristics that can be measured through current and emerging remote sensing technologies. Using non-linear mixed effects models for six Canadia...

The aim of this study was to evaluate by photoelastic analysis stress distribution on short and long implants of two dental implant systems with 2-unit implant-supported fixed partial prostheses of 8 mm and 13 mm heights. Sixteen photoelastic models were divided into 4 groups: I: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Neodent), II: long implant (5 × 11 mm) (Bicon), III: short implant (5 × 6 mm) (Neodent), a...

INTRODUCTION Previous studies evaluated the perception of laypersons to symmetric alteration of anterior dental esthetics. However, no studies have evaluated the perception of asymmetric esthetic alterations. This investigation will determine whether asymmetric and symmetric anterior dental discrepancies are detectable by dental professionals and laypersons. METHODS Seven images of women's sm...

Tree canopy structure is an important factor in forest fire, plant physiology, and tree competition. Quantifying the tree canopy structures is difficult due to the irregular shapes and spacing of the trees. Our method for estimating the canopy structure is based on Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data. LIDAR has three-dimensional point distribution which allows us to ascertain the shape of ...

A complete single-tree remote sensing (STRS) system is presented and a restricted test of performance is given. The system can be used for solving the tasks of STRS: tree positioning, height estimation species recognition, crown width estimation and estimation of the stem dimensions. The system is based on a semi-automatic approach and where automatic solutions fail, operator input is used. Kno...

The relationship between a tree's crown radius and diameter at breast height (DBH) has a variety of uses including forest competition studies, tree crown densities, spacing and stoclung relationships, wildlife habitat suitability models, and tree volume estimations. Estimating DBH from mean crown radius (MCR) is of interest to natural resource managers because MCR can be estimated from high res...

Although the existence of a relationship between crown size and body size has previously been questioned 'S. M. GARN, and A. B. LEWIS, Amer Anthrop 60:894-880, 1958; H. A. BAILIT and J. S. FRIEDLAENDER, Amer Anthrop 68:665672, 1966), recent studies show that there are systematic, positive, but low-order, correlations between crown size and various body dimensions (R. FILIPSSON and L. GOLDSON, A...