Article history: Received 1 June 2016 Received in revised form 29 November 2016 Accepted 8 December 2016 Available online xxxx Bronze production during the Iron Age of the Iberian Peninsula is characterised by the use of a relatively simple technology, based on crucible-furnaces. In an area rich in mineral resources, bronze was produced on a small scale and within settlements, to be used for ri...

A horizontal travelling heater method (THM) for growing cylindrical crystals from a partially filled solution zone has been investigated for the first time. By applying ampoule rotation, the whole cross section of the crystal is successively brought into contact with the liquid solution, which is effectively stirred by forced convection. This approach was used to grow single-crystalline Hgt_xCd...

New Zealand Aluminium Smelters Ltd operates a smelting facility at Tiwai Point near Invercargill. The smelter produces aluminium by the electrolytic reduction of alumina in 650 cells. The cells are laid out in long lines and are grouped into tapping bays. The purity of the aluminium varies from cell to cell depending on a number of factors including the age of the cell, the purity of the alumin...

The bottleneck of recycling chains for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the recovery valuable metals from black matter that remains after dismantling and deactivation in pre‑treatment processes, which has to be treated a subsequent step with pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods. In course this paper, investigations heating microscope were conducted determine high-temperature...

The silicon single crystals for semiconductor application are usually grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method. In this paper, we studied a 300 mm crystal with cusp magnetic field to be used an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). Different positions of zero-Gauss plane (ZGP) under were simulated and compared numerical analysis. We investigated three factors that affected oxygen concentration ...

Initial stages of the refractory degradation process by molten Al-5Mg alloy were investigated analyzing structures caused an interaction with metal during heat cycles. The aggregate, found to be poly-crystalline, consisting cristobalite (SiO2) and mullite (Al6Si2O13), was deteriorated ahead surrounding matrix. Metal permeated into refractory, forming a thin layer along crucible surface below li...