Class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted parasite-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are known to be a major component of the bovine immune response to the protozoan parasite Theileria parva, but formal proof for their role in protection of cattle against infection with T. parva has been lacking. Animals immunized with one stock of T. parva show variations in the degree of protec...

background and aims: the contribution genetic and antigenic diversity of h9n2 influenza viruses in evading from immune responses, cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) epitopes in hemagglutinin (ha) protein restricted by hla binding peptides was identified. materials and methods: phylogenetic analyses were carried out for all of full length ha and deduced amino acid sequences of h9n2 viruses available ...

Mathematical models and experiments have shown the importance of CD8 responses in control of HIV infection. In this paper we review the theoretical and empirical evidence and how the two compliment each other as they shed more light on the progression of HIV infection. This paper also highlights the controversies pertaining the subject. We present some models that investigate the role of a CTL ...

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses are thought to be important for the control of many viral and other infections. Qualitative aspects of the CTL response, including the epitope specificity, affinity, and clonal composition, may affect the ability of T cells to mediate infection control. Although it is clear that the mode of introduction and the dose of antigen can affect these qualitative ...

Infection of B6 mice with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (LM) results in the activation of CD8(+) T cells that respond to Ag presented by both MHC class Ia and class Ib molecules. Enzyme-linked immunospot analysis reveals that these CTL populations expand and contract at different times following a primary sublethal LM infection. Between days 4 and 6 postinfection, class Ib-r...

We have analyzed the T cell responses of HLA-A1 metastatic melanoma patients with detectable disease, following vaccination with a recombinant ALVAC virus, which bears short MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 sequences coding for antigenic peptides presented by HLA-A1. To evaluate the anti-MAGE CTL responses, we resorted to antigenic stimulation of blood lymphocytes under limiting dilution conditions, followed ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is characterised by a strong cytotoxic T cell response. Persistence of HBV in chronic hepatitis B carriers may be related to failure of this response. The aim of this study was to determine whether HLA class I restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses persist in anti-hepatitis B e (HBe) positive / HBV DNA negative individuals, and to ...

The absence of readily manipulable experimental systems to study the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens has thus far precluded a definitive demonstration of the role played by this response in the pathogenesis of liver cell injury and viral clearance during HBV infection. To circumvent the problem that HBV infection of human cells in vitro for product...