The social losses arising from the Prestige oil spill exceed the compensation granted under the IOPC (International Oil Pollution Compensation) system, with losses estimated at 15 times more than the applicable limit of compensations. This is far above the level of costs for which those responsible for hydrocarbons spills are liable. The highest market losses correspond to sectors of extraction...

This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to predicting and classifying distribution transformer specific iron losses, i.e., losses per weight unit. The ANN is trained to learn the relationship of several parameters affecting iron losses. For this reason, the ANN learning and testing sets are formed using actual industrial measurements, obtained from previous completed tra...

This paper presents the results of magnetic loss tests on twisted and untwisted 37 multifilaments tapes exposed to an alternating field at power frequencies. The losses are measured using calorimetric methods, which are capable of measuring losses in short tapes with the accuracy of several microwatts per centimeter of tape. The losses of the tape due to the longitudinal field of the untwisted ...

People generally tend to advance gains and postpone losses in intertemporal choice. Jiang et al. (2014) recently showed that adding upfront losses or gains to both smaller and sooner (SS) and larger and later (LL) rewards can decrease people's discounting. To account for this decrease, they proposed the salience hypothesis, which states that introducing upfront losses or gains makes the money d...

The paper presents a new method for on-line temperature calculation taking into account change in the tap changer position. The method introduces accurate calculation of the losses, depending on the current, average temperature of the winding, and tap changer position (it affects both Joules (DC) losses and stray losses). The thermal model itself is the common three-body model (for a transforme...

Here, means to enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE or h) in bulkheterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells by optimizing the series resistance (Rs)—also known as the cell internal resistance—are studied. It is shown that current state-of-the-art BHJ OPVs are approaching the limit for which efficiency can be improved via Rs reduction alone. This evaluation addresses OPVs based on...

A wind turbine transformer (WTT) is designed using a 3D wound core while the transformer’s total owning cost (TOC) and its inrush current performance realized as the two objective functions in a multi-objective optimization process. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is utilized to derive Pareto optimal solutions. The effects of inrush current improvement on other operating and design parameters...

The current paper investigates the influence of packet losses in network control systems (NCS’s) using the model predictive control (MPC) strategy. The study focuses on two main network packet losses due to sensor to controller and controller to actuator along the communication paths. A new Markov-based method is employed to recursively estimate the probability of time delay in controller to ac...