Wireless technology continues to experience rapid growth and development. With the ever increasing demand for wireless services and applications, more advanced tools are necessary to ensure the performance of these wireless systems. One of the most important tools for system development and radio planning are the radio propagation channel models. These models allow system designers and radio pl...

IntraspeciWc diversity can inXuence the structure of associated communities, though whether litter-based and foliage-based arthropod communities respond to intraspeciWc diversity in similar ways remains unclear. In this study, we compared the eVects of host-plant genotype and genotypic diversity of the perennial plant, Solidago altissima, on the arthropod community associated with living plant ...

Few studies have examined the combined effects of nutrition and water exclusion on the canopy physiology of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Understanding the impacts of forest management on plantation productivity requires extensive research on the relationship between silvicultural treatments and environmental constraints to growth. We studied the physiological responses of 18-year-old ...

Outdoor scenes require vegetation to make them look realistic. Current hardware cannot afford real-time rendering of these scenes because of the large number of polygons. Multiresolution modelling has been successfully presented as a solution to the problem of efficient manipulation of highly detailed polygonal surfaces. This article describes a new continuous multiresolution hardware-oriented ...

Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.), a popular and economically profitable bulbous cut flower, has high demand in both Pakistan domestic and international markets on account of its attractive spikes, florets of huge forms, dazzling colors, varying sizes, and long vase life. However, its quality production is badly affected by non-uniform sprouting, poor crop stand, and old cultivars. To overc...

High compression of plant geometry is an important aspect in fast realistic visualization of plants. Hierarchical structuring plant morphology is a key factor for real time plant rendering, especially when pedestrian views, including both close-ups and far views, are requested. We present here a new geometric simplification method, called Viewdependent Hierarchical Foliage Simplification (VHFS)...

Plants are important objects in virtual environments. High complexity of shape structure is found in plant communities. Level of detail (LOD) of plant geometric models becomes important for interactive forest rendering. We emphasize three major problems in current research: the time consumption in LOD model construction and extraction, the balance between visual effect and data compression, and...

In Central Europe, full-tree (FT) harvesting is an increasingly common harvesting method in steep terrain harvesting due to the increased use of highly economical processor tower yarders. In conventional FT harvesting, nutrient removal from harvest sites is substantially higher than in cut-to-length (CTL) harvesting due to the extraction of nutrient-rich branches and foliage. One strategy to re...

One of the most important challenges in real-time rendering of outdoor scenes is the representation of vegetation. This is due to the vast amount of polygons that are used to model vegetable species. The present automatic simplification algorithms produce acceptable results in the trunks and the branches, but not in the foliage of a tree. After simplification with the existing methods, the tree...