Many approaches are currently being developed to deliver exogenous antigen into the major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigen pathway, leading to in vivo priming of CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells. One attractive possibility consists of targeting the antigen to phagocytic or macropinocytic antigen-presenting cells. In this study, we demonstrate that strong CD8(+) class I-restricted c...

Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses play an important role in the control of immunodeficiency virus infections. Therapeutic immunization with antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) may be a promising strategy for stimulating CTL. However, decreases in DC number and function have been suggested in the host persistently infected with the virus, and this may constitute an obsta...

We and others have shown that influenza A nucleoprotein (NP) targeted to the secretory pathway cannot be processed to yield several cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in cell lines that lack the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). However, a large COOH-terminal fragment of NP is processed and presented in these cells. Full-length NP is cotranslationally glycosylated in the ...

Mta-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) can be generated in primary cultures of (NZB X B10.D2)F1 spleen cells with H-2-compatible BALB/c stimulator cells. The CTL lyse reciprocal Mta+ (B10.D2 X NZB)F1 as well as H-2-disparate targets, such as B10, B6, and B6-Tlaa; they do not lyse targets from NZB or any F1 hybrid of an NZB mother. The lysis of 51Cr-labeled B10 targets is completely inhibited...

The latent HIV-1 reservoir remains the major barrier to HIV-1 eradication. Although successful at limiting HIV replication, highly active antiretroviral therapy is unable to cure HIV infection, thus novel therapeutic strategies are needed to eliminate the virus. Magnetic field hyperthermia (MFH) generates thermoablative cytotoxic temperatures in target-cell populations, and has delivered promis...

PURPOSE Anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) is an antigen-specific form of peripheral immune tolerance that is induced to exogenous antigens placed in the ocular anterior chamber, which leads to a suppression in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Considerable work has been done on ACAID induction to major histocompatibility (MHC) alloantigens. However, its role on cytotoxic T...

Intrahost human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) evolution is marked by repeated viral escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. Typically, the first such CTL escape starts around the time of peak viral load and completes within one or two weeks. Many authors have developed methods to quantify CTL escape rates, but existing methods depend on sampling at two or more timep...

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E6 and E7 proteins were measured in 20 women with known HPV and cervical disease status. CTL assays were performed after stimulation with E6 or E7 fusion proteins using autologous B lymphoblastoid cells infected with vaccinia viruses expressing E6 or E7. CTL responses to E6 and E7 were detected in 6 (75%) of 8 and ...

Bone marrow (BM)-derived professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPCs) are required for the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to vaccinia virus and poliovirus. Furthermore, these BM-derived pAPCs require a functional transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP). In this report we analyze the requirements for BM-derived pAPCs and TAP in the initiation of CTL response...

We examine simple mathematical models to investigate the circumstances under which the dynamics of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activation and differentiation may result in the loss of virus specific CD8+ cells, a process known as CTL exhaustion. We distinguish between two general classes of viruses: (i) viruses infecting cells that are not involved in the immune response; and (ii) viruses infe...