We are currently facing industrial societies turning rapidly into information societies. Computer systems that were previously separated and dedicated to specific tasks become a more and more integrated global information system. The driving force is competition of service providers of all kinds and perhaps the most visible indicator is the convergence of telephone, cell phone and satellite net...

PURPOSE The generation of three-dimensional (3D) organoids with optic cup-like structures from pluripotent stem cells has created opportunities for investigating mammalian retinal development in vitro. However, retinal organoids in culture do not completely reflect the developmental state and in vivo architecture of the rod-dominant mouse retina. The goals of this study were to develop an effic...

In a 42.8 ks ROSAT HRI X-ray observation of the spiral galaxy NGC 4321 (M 100) X-ray emission from the supernova 1979C is discovered, sixteen years after its outburst, with an (0.1–2.4 keV) X-ray luminosity of Lx = 1.0 × 1039 erg s−1. No X-ray emission is observed from the three other historical supernovae in NGC 4321 (SN 1901B, SN 1914A and SN 1959E). In addition to SN 1979C, seven X-ray point...

In addition to nourishing the embryo, extra-embryonic tissues (EETs) contribute to early embryonic patterning, primitive hematopoiesis, and fetal health. These tissues are of major importance for human medicine, as well as for efforts to improve livestock efficiency, but they remain incompletely understood. In bovines, EETs are accessible easily, in large amounts, and prior to implantation. We ...

The bldC locus, required for formation of aerial hyphae in Streptomyces coelicolor, was localized by map-based cloning to the overlap between cosmids D17 and D25 of a minimal ordered library. Subcloning and sequencing showed that bldC encodes a member of a previously unrecognized family of small (58- to 78-residue) DNA-binding proteins, related to the DNA-binding domains of the MerR family of t...

Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illness in all infants is a major public health priority. However, no vaccine is currently available to protect this vulnerable population. Palivizumab, the only approved agent for RSV prophylaxis, is limited to high-risk infants, and the cost associated with the requirement for dosing throughout the RSV season makes its use impractical for all in...

In gram-negative bacteria, the cytoplasmic membrane proton-motive force energizes the active transport of TonB-dependent ligands through outer membrane TonB-gated transporters. In Escherichia coli, cytoplasmic membrane proteins ExbB and ExbD couple the proton-motive force to conformational changes in TonB, which are hypothesized to form the basis of energy transduction through direct contact wi...

PURPOSE To derive and validate an index to correlate the bladder dose with the catheter balloon dose using limited computed tomography (CT) slices. MATERIALS AND METHODS Applicator geometry reconstructed from orthogonal radiographs were back-projected on CT images of the same patients for anatomy-based dosimetric evaluation. The correlation indices derived using power function of the catheter...

We present a comparison of barstrength Qb and circumnuclear dust morphology for 75 galaxies in order to investigate how bars affect the centers of galaxies. We trace the circumnuclear dust morphology and amount of dust structure with structure maps generated from visible-wavelength HST data, finding that tightly wound nuclear dust spirals are primarily found in weakly barred galaxies. While str...