for any lacunary sequence $theta = (k_{r})$, we define the concepts of $s_{theta}-$limit point and $s_{theta}-$cluster point of a sequence of fuzzy numbers $x = (x_{k})$. we introduce the new sets  $lambda^{f}_{s_{theta}}(x)$, $gamma^{f}_{s_{theta}}(x)$ and prove some inclusion relaions between these and the sets $lambda^{f}_{s}(x)$, $gamma^{f}_{s}(x)$ introduced in ~cite{ayt:slpsfn} by aytar [...

Thermostable enzymes have applications in biosensors and bioreactors. Overexpression of thermostable enzyme-encoding genes from thermophiles Escherichia coli is necessary to produce sufficient quantities such enzymes. Deinococcus gerthermalis a moderately thermophilic bacterium has Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) an important coenzyme for various dehydrogenases. NADH oxidase (Nox) cata...

It has previously been shown that the PAN promoter from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis can be used as a DNA probe to identify an RFLP between wild-type Mycobacterium bovis and the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG. To investigate the genetic basis of this phenomenon, DNA fragments from a New Zealand M. bovis cattle strain and M. bovis BCG Pasteur, containing the PAN-binding region, were is...

Rapid biosynthesis is key to the success of bacteria and viruses. Highly expressed genes in bacteria exhibit a strong codon bias corresponding to the differential availability of tRNAs. However, a large clade of lambdoid coliphages exhibits relatively poor codon adaptation to the host translation machinery, in contrast to other coliphages that exhibit strong codon adaptation to the host. Three ...

In recent years resistance to the antibacterial agent trimethoprim (Tmp) has become more widespread, and several trimethoprim-resistant (Tmpr) dihydrofolate reductases (DHFRs) have been described from gram-negative bacteria. In staphylococci, only one Tmpr DHFR has been described, the type S1 DHFR, which is encoded by the dfrA gene found on transposon Tn4003. In order to investigate the coincid...

Up to now, very small protein-coding genes have remained unrecognized in sequenced genomes. We identified an mRNA of 165 nucleotides (nt), which is conserved in Bradyrhizobiaceae and encodes a polypeptide with 14 amino acid residues (aa). The small mRNA harboring a unique Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SD) with a length of 17 nt was localized predominantly in the ribosome-containing P100 fraction of ...