rock has been advantageously employed in hydraulic structures such as rockfill dams, gabion weirs and drain works. one rockfill dam applications can be flood control in wa-tershed management. the objectives of building rockfill detention dams are flow storage for a specific period and lowering of the outflow hydrograph. as this type of dam consists of coarse particles, seepage flow will deviate...

D are structures designed by humans to capture water and modify the magnitude and timing of its movement downstream. The damming of streams and rivers has been integral to human population growth and technological innovation. Among other things, dams have reduced flood hazard and allowed humans to settle and farm productive alluvial soils on river floodplains; they have harnessed the power of m...

Small dams are ubiquitous yet poorly understood features in many streams. Dam removal is being used increasingly in stream restoration projects as a means to enhance habitat connectivity and ecosystem function. However, habitatand assemblage-level effects of small dams on stream mollusk assemblages are poorly documented. We examined associations between stream physicochemical habitat variables ...

Background: Strong earthquakes are among the prime triggering factors of landslides, which may block rivers, forming landslide dams. Some of these dams may pose serious threats to people and property due to upstream inundation and downstream dam-breach flooding. Evaluating the stability and potential hazard of landslide dams is significant for the mitigation measures, but remains challenging. T...

Angus x Hereford heifers (15 mo and AI to a single sire) were used to evaluate the effect of prenatal nutritional restriction on postnatal growth and regulation of glucose in plasma. Dams (d 32 of gestation) were stratified by BW and BCS and allotted to low [LN, 55% of NRC (1996) requirements, n = 7] or moderate nutrition [MN, 100% of NRC (1996) requirements, n = 7]. After 83 d of feeding, dams...

Increased energy demand has led to plans for building many new dams in the western Amazon, mostly in the Andean region. Historical data and mechanistic scenarios are used to examine potential impacts above and below six of the largest dams planned for the region, including reductions in downstream sediment and nutrient supplies, changes in downstream flood pulse, changes in upstream and downstr...

Sixty-two, 2-yr-old heifers and 65 cows, 4 to 7 yr old, were assigned randomly at 60 d before the median predicted calving date to a factorially designed study. Main effects were: age of dam (heifer or cow), moderate (M) or high (H) precalving feed level (110 or 135% of National Research Council recommendation) and short (S) or prolonged (P) duration of Stage II of parturition. After calving, a...

Dams have long been associated with elevated burdens of human schistosomiasis, but how dams increase disease is not always clear, in part because dams have many ecological and socio-economic effects. A recent hypothesis argues that dams block reproduction of the migratory river prawns that eat the snail hosts of schistosomiasis. In the Senegal River Basin, there is evidence that prawn populatio...