Most designers would agree that natural light is essential to the experience of any great work of architecture, but as a professional discipline, we lack consensus on which characteristics of daylight quantify or qualify the visual performance of a space. Perceptual qualities such as brightness, contrast, and temporal variability influence our experience of physical space and while illumination...

One of the important functions of window is to admit natural lightto interior spaces of buildings. This natural lighting in buildings helps to displace the requirement for artificial lighting, and thus, helps to save energy. Though daylight has positive effects on visual comfort, but high window luminance or direct sunlight from a window may cause discomfort. Visual discomfort in a day-lit inte...

Life in 24-h society relies on the use of artificial light at night that might disrupt synchronization of the endogenous circadian timing system to the solar day. This could have a negative impact on sleep-wake patterns and psychiatric symptoms. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of evening light emitted by domestic and work place lamps in a naturalistic setting on melatonin ...

by having daylighting in mind through a building design process rather than end of it, achieving a more sustainable space is much easier and feasible. since many people spend an important amount of their lives at their working spaces, accessing enough natural light together with satisfying view are essential for their physiological and psychological health. moreover as a daylighted space has a ...

Fish schools containing Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax and northern anchovy Engraulis mordax were observed in 2 regions within the California Current System in 2 years using a combination of moored and shipboard acoustics and net sampling. Schools of sardines and anchovies off the Oregon coast followed typical diel patterns consistent with antipredator behavior, dispersing at nighttime, rapidl...

Unbiased estimates of burrowing owl populations (Athene cunicularia) are essential to achieving diverse management and conservation objectives. We conducted visibility trials and developed logistic regression models to identify and correct for visibility bias associated with single, vehicle-based, visual survey occasions of breeding male owls during daylight hours in an agricultural landscape i...

Seasonal variation in environmental factors is vital to the regulation of seasonal reproduction in primates. Consequently, long-term systematic data is necessary to clarify the birth seasonality and pattern of primates in highly seasonal environments. This study indicated that black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha exhibited strict birth seasonality with a pulse m...

Physically based image synthesis remains one of the most demanding tasks in the computer graphics field, whose applications have evolved along with the techniques in recent years, particularly with the decline in cost of powerful computing hardware. Physically based rendering is essentially a niche since it goes beyond the photorealistic look required by mainstream applications with the goal of...