conclusions: with respect to the obtained results and regarding to the daily increase of the resistant microbial strains to the commercial antibiotics, it can be concluded that these extracts can be proper candidates of antibacterial substance against pathogenic bacterial species especially s. aureus, e. coli, k. pneumoniae and s. epidermidis. results: the extract of c. fistula was effective ag...

BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic microorganism with an increasing role in nosocomial outbreaks. For the last 2 decades, a growing number of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains have been identified, including the metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) producers. The study aimed to investigate the genetic relatedness of, and MBLs production among, a collection of A. baumannii ...

Mallard ducks were fed diets containing various levels of technical DDT or chemically pure p,p'-DDT, or dieldrin. Either technical DDT or p,p'-DDT at 20 ppm or greater, or dieldrin at I 0 ppm caused a statistically significant reduction in e9gshell thickness, weight, and calcium. Shells of eggs from ducks fed 40 ppm of p,p -DDT were about 20% thinner than those from control ducks, and shells of...

background and objectives: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a well-known pathogen with a worldwide distribution. given the increasing rate of mrsa infections, implementing of reliable, accurate and rapid testing for diagnosis of mrsa is necessary. the aim of this study was to compare four diagnostic methods for detection of mrsa isolates. materials and methods: from decembe...

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolism-based resistance in Drosophila melanogaster is a complex metabolic system associated with the transcription of detoxification related genes, ion transport, lipid and sugar metabolism pathways. However, little is known about the differences regarding the proteome of field- and laboratory-selected resistant Drosophila genotypes. We investigated the...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreaks are common in Assam, northeastern State of India. Information on resistance in known JE vectors in the affected area is important for effective control measures. This study was undertaken to determine the species abundance of JE vectors endemic to Sibsagar district of Assam, and their susceptibility against DDT and deltamethrin. METH...

BACKGROUND Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of DDT is used to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India. However, the quality of spraying is severely compromised by a lack of affordable field assays to monitor target doses of insecticide. Our aim was to develop a simple DDT insecticide quantification kit (IQK) for monitoring DDT levels in an operational setting. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPLE FINDIN...

The transfer of p,p'-DDT (1,1,1-tricholoro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) and its metabolites to infants via breast-feeding was studied in an area of KwaZulu, South Africa, where DDT is used to interrupt malaria transmission. Samples of whole blood were collected from 23 infants, together with samples of breast milk from their respective mothers. The mean sigma DDT (total DDT) in the whole bloo...

BACKGROUND Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was used extensively to control malaria, typhus, body lice, and bubonic plague worldwide, until countries began restricting its use in the 1970s. However, the use of DDT to control vector-borne diseases continues in developing countries. Prenatal DDT exposure is associated with elevated blood pressure in humans. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that p...