Biodrying, as the name implies, is a drying technique that relies on biological activities of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi to reduce the mois­ ture content of wet biomaterial waste. The drying effect is achieved because of the microbial activity as well as forced aeration. As the microorgan­ isms feed on the nutrients, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and other elements a vailable in the waste, ...

This tutorial review details the emergence of template-directed synthesis of metal-organic materials (MOMs) with emphasis upon reports of MOMs in which the template is retained, template@MOMs, and structurally characterized. Such MOMs enable analysis of the nature of the intermolecular interactions that occur between the template and the resulting host framework. The utilization of such underst...

5.3.2. Traps and Grating Dark Decay 3288 5.3.3. Other Concerns 3288 6. New Photorefractive Materials 3289 6.1. Polymer Composites 3289 6.2. Organic Amorphous Glasses 3292 6.3. Fully Functionalized Polymers 3294 6.4. Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals 3295 6.5. Other Liquid Crystal-Containing Materials 3296 6.6. Near-Infrared-Sensitive Materials 3297 6.7. Other Materials Directions 3298 6.7.1. Hy...

The recycling of rural and urban organic waste materials onto agricultural land provides a challenge to the producers and end-users who both have a 'duty-of-care' to ensure the method of disposal is managed in a sustainable way. Careful management means that soil and water resources are not contaminated, the agricultural production system remains stable, and land use alternatives remain availab...

1. INTRODUCTION Among the classes of highly porous materials, metalÀorganic frameworks (MOFs) are unparalleled in their degree of tunability and structural diversity as well as their range of chemical and physical properties. MOFs are extended crystalline structures wherein metal cations or clusters of cations (" nodes ") are connected by multitopic organic " strut " or " linker " ions or molec...

Organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) has emerged as a new competitor to inorganic material-based solar cells, due to its potential application in large area, printable, and flexible solar panels. In particular, OPV cells with bulk heterojunction architecture (BHJ), in which the photoactive layer consists of a bicontinuous blend of an electron donor and an electron acceptor, has allowed power convers...

Mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials, a new class of materials characterized by large specific surface areas and pore sizes between 2 and 15 nm, have been obtained through the coupling of inorganic and organic components by template synthesis. The incorporation of functionalities can be achieved in three ways: by subsequent attachment of organic components onto a pure silica matrix (gr...

The PTCDA (3,4,9,10-Perylene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride) and the NTCDA (1,4,5,8Naphtalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) are aromatic, stable, planar and highly symmetric with unusual electrical properties. The PTCDA is a semiconductor organic crystalline of particular interest due to its excellent properties and electronic potential that are used in optoelectronic devices and the NTCDA it is mon...

Borazine materials have been demonstrated to be a new class of multifunctional and thermally stable materials with high electron (10(-3) cm2 V(-1) s(-1)) and moderate hole (10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1)) mobilities for applications in electroluminescent devices.