The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that separates the lungs from the abdomen. When a person takes a deep breath, the dome-shaped diaphragm contracts and flattens. In doing this, the diaphragm pulls air into the lungs. The left diaphragm contains a small hole through which passes the tube-shaped esophagus that carries food and liquid to the stomach. Normally this hole, called a hiatus, is small ...

The effectiveness of three deep breathing techniques was evaluated in 98 male patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a randomized trial. The techniques examined were deep breathing with a blow bottle-device, an inspiratory resistance-positive expiratory pressure mask (IR-PEP) and performed with no mechanical device. Pulmonary function and roentgenological changes were evaluated....

Koratala A, Bhatti V. BMJ Case Rep 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-220058 DESCRIPTION A 56-year-old white woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis and chronic alcohol abuse was brought to the emergency room after having two episodes of seizures at home. She was confused and could not give any history. Vital signs were stable and limited neurol...

The bronchodilator response after five different modes of salbutamol inhalation by rotahaler was assessed in 15 asthmatic children in a double blind cross over study. Inspiratory flow rates lower than 50 litres/minute were associated with a significant reduction in response compared with flow rates higher than 60 litres/minute, but tilting the head back during inhalation and holding the breath ...

An empirical mathematical model that describes the relation between force and length for dynamic loading of maximally activated airway smooth muscle is described. The model consists of three first-order, ordinary differential equations: one for muscle shortening, one for lengthening, and a third that describes the evolution of an internal variable that depends on muscle history. The model fits ...

An indium nitride (InN) gas sensor of 10 nm in thickness has achieved detection limit of 0.4 ppm acetone. The sensor has a size of 1 mm by 2.5 mm, while its sensing area is 0.25 mm by 2 mm. Detection of such a low acetone concentration in exhaled breath could enable early diagnosis of diabetes for portable physiological applications. The ultrathin InN epilayer extensively enhances sensing sensi...

You know when you’re racing really fast—so fast that your heart is pounding, and you can’t catch breath? Have ever wondered why happens? Imagine are racing—when take a deep breath, breathe in air lungs pull oxygen into blood, then races to hungry leg muscles. All work by muscles make energy creates carbon dioxide waste, which travels back the lungs, we exhale with sigh of relief. As harder run ...