this study was conducted to optimize a highly efficient mrna transfection into dendritic cells (dc) derived from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) patients. applying an electroporation technique, in vitro synthesized green fluorescent protein (gfp) mrna was transfected as an indicator into the dcs derived from a healthy donor. flow cytometry revealed 84.9% transfection efficiency for dc...

objective(s):multi-epitopic protein vaccines and direction of vaccine delivery to dendritic cells (dcs) are promising approaches for enhancing immune responses against mutable pathogens. escherichia coli is current host for expression of recombinant proteins, and it is important to optimize expression condition. the aim of this study was the optimization of multi-epitopic hiv-1 tat/pol/gag/env ...

Standard vaccine technologies based on the induction of antibodies are ineffective in preventing many globally important infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS. T cell immunity correlates with the control of many chronic infectious diseases, including HIV in humans and SIV in monkeys. However, inducing persistent T cell immunity has proven difficult, in part due to problems with prolonged avai...

Vaccines are critical in the fight against infectious diseases, and immune-stimulating adjuvants are essential for enhancing vaccine efficacy. However, the precise mechanisms of action of most adjuvants are unknown. There is an urgent need for customized and adjuvant formulated vaccines against immune evading pathogens that remain a risk today. Understanding the specific role of various cell ty...

Dendritic cells (DC) interact with naïve T cells to regulate the delicate balance between immunity and tolerance required to maintain immunological homeostasis. In this study, immature human dendritic cells (iDC) were inoculated with a chimeric fusion protein vaccine containing the pancreatic β-cell auto-antigen proinsulin linked to a mucosal adjuvant the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB-INS). Prot...

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that have an important role in the initiation of immune response. The use of maturation factors in dendritic cell differentiation provides a promising approach in immunotherapy. Objective: In this study, we compared tumor necrosis factor-α, polyribocytidylic acid, lipopolysacharide and CpG oligonucleotides in inducing d...

Vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy has generated highly variable clinical results due to differing methods of vaccine preparation and variation in patient populations among other lesser factors. Moreover, these clinical responses do not necessarily correspond with the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we review the participation of natural killer (NK) cells as alternative...