a emph{signed graph} (or, in short, emph{sigraph}) $s=(s^u,sigma)$ consists of an underlying graph $s^u :=g=(v,e)$ and a function $sigma:e(s^u)longrightarrow {+,-}$, called the signature of $s$. a emph{marking} of $s$ is a function $mu:v(s)longrightarrow {+,-}$. the emph{canonical marking} of a signed graph $s$, denoted $mu_sigma$, is given as $$mu_sigma(v) := prod_{vwin e(s)}sigma(vw).$$the li...

Chemical structures of organic compounds are characterized numerically by a variety of structural descriptors computed either from the molecular graph or from the three-dimensional (3D) molecular geometry. Extensive use of such structural descriptors or topological indices has been made in drug design, screening of chemical databases, similarity and diversity assessment, and quantitative struct...

Let n 1 be an integer. The hypercube Qn is the graph whose vertex set isf0;1gn, where two n-tuples are adjacent if they differ in precisely one coordinate. This graph has many applications in Computer sciences and other area of sciences. Inthe graph Qn, the layer Lk is the set of vertices with exactly k 1’s, namely, vertices ofweight k, 1 k n. The hyper-star graph B(n;k) is...

Expressions for the Zagreb indices and coindices of the total graph, semi-total point graph and of semi-total line graph of subdivision graphs in terms of the parameters of the parent graph are obtained, thus generalizing earlier existing results.

For a multi-set E of splits {bipartitions) of a finite set X, we introduce the multi-split graph G(E). This graph Is a natural extension of the Buneman graph. Indeed, it is shown that several results pertaining to the Buneman graph extend to the multi-split graph. In addition, in case E is derived from a set R of partitions of X by taking parts together with their complements, we show that the ...

This paper discusses a link between the loopy belief propagation (LBP) algorithm and the Graph zeta function. The LBP algorithm is a nonlinear iteration to approximate the marginal or posterior probabilities required for various statistical inference, using the graph structure to define the joint probability. The theoretical properties of the LBP algorithm are not easy to analyze because of the...

We introduce a new graph parameter called the burning number, inspired by contact processes on graphs such as graph bootstrap percolation, and graph searching paradigms such as Firefighter. The burning number measures the speed of the spread of contagion in a graph; the lower the burning number, the faster the contagion spreads. We provide a number of properties of the burning number, including...

Chemical compounds and drugs are often modelled as graphs (for example, Polyhex Nanotubes and Dendrimer Nanostar) where each vertex represents an atom of molecule and covalent bounds between atoms are represented by edges between the corresponding vertices. This graph derived from a chemical compounds is often called its molecular graph and can be different structures. The edge Wiener index of ...

We present a novel graph-based approach to image segmentation. The objective is to partition images such that nearby pixels with similar colors or grayscale intensities belong to the same segment. A graph representing an image is derived from the similarity between the pixels and partitioned by a computationally efficient graph clustering method, which identifies representative nodes for each c...

The concept of super line graph was introduced in the year 1995 by Bagga, Beineke and Varma. Given a graph with at least r edges, the super line graph of index r, Lr(G), has as its vertices the sets of r-edges of G, with two adjacent if there is an edge in one set adjacent to an edge in the other set. The line completion number lc(G) of a graph G is the least positive integer r for which Lr(G) ...