for over the past several decades, there has been a great concern about energy crisis and lackof non-renewable resources. residential buildings take more than 25% of the total energy consumption and morethan 75% of energy consumption in these buildings is for heating, cooling and hot sanitary water. on the other hand,traditional buildings of iran were designed according to ecological conditions...

Objective − The aim of study was to evaluate the effects parental smoking and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) on asthma symptoms in children, raise awareness detrimental TSE for asthmatic children.Methods A modified validated questionnaire completed by 76 parents their children who were being treated at Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital asthma. Patients filled a standardized ACT about symptoms, wherea...

BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for workers and patrons in hospitality venues is a persistent and significant public health concern. We designed this study to provide a comprehensive assessment of SHS exposure inside an Indian Tribal Casino in Minnesota. METHODS Real-time fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations were measured at multiple locations for up to 7 days. The field ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) via parental smoking (ETS+) developed more respiratory symptoms resulting in longer recovery times following surgical outpatient procedures compared with children of nonsmoking parents (ETS-). METHODS One hundred and forty six children (4.9 +/- 3 years) undergoing inguinal hernia repair w...

OBJECTIVES Tobacco smoking is a major organizational, economical, and public relations-related (PR-related) problem for the company. Moreover, it is an important health determinant of the working population. The paper reports the results of the research which analyzed the current state and the tobacco control activities' transformations undertaken by Polish employers between 2003 and 2015. MA...

Multi-Designated Verifier Signature (MDVS) is a privacy-oriented signature scheme in which the signature produced can only be verified by a specific set of users. A generic MDVS scheme was proposed recently, which can be constructed from some ring signature schemes and a secure multi-party computation (SMC) protocol. In this paper, we try to remove the requirement of the costly SMC. We propose ...

OBJECTIVES Tobacco is an important risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) infection and TB disease. Identifying tobacco users and providing tobacco cessation services is expected to reduce the burden of TB. We assessed tobacco use among presumptive TB patients attending a tertiary hospital and their willingness to attend tobacco cessation services. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted amo...

OBJECTIVE To measure environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in psychiatric settings and to assess determinants of support for complete smoking bans. DESIGN Cross sectional study SETTING Dutch psychiatric hospitals, outpatient care institutions, and sheltered home facilities. SUBJECTS A random sample of 540 treatment staff, 306 attendants/nurses, and 93 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE...

OBJECTIVES To identify the effect of worksite smoking prevalence on individual cessation behavior. METHODS We conducted a cohort study at a Japanese worksite without a total ban on smoking, but with designated smoking areas. Baseline data were obtained in 2005 through a self-administered questionnaire from 15,229 workers in 322 work units as part of annual health checkups, and followed up in ...

This article revisits the original designated confirmer signature scheme of Chaum. Following the same spirit we naturally extend the Chaum’s construction in a more general setting and analyze its security in a formal way. We prove its security in the random oracle model by using a random hash function and a random permutation. We notably consider the confirmer as an attacker against the existen...