The advancement of network induces great demands on a series of applications such as the multicast routing. This paper firstly makes a brief review on the algorithms in solving routing problems. Then it proposes a novel algorithm called the distance complete ant colony system (DCACS), which is aimed at solving the multicast routing problem by utilizing the ants to search for the best routes to ...

Software agents that use direct (or active) perception of the environment have recently been shown to correspond well with pedestrian movement within building and urban systems. The algorithm, based on Gibson’s theory of affordances, combines random selection of destination from their field of view with reassessment of the destination every few steps. However, although the agents correlate with...

The device for providing consolidation of preferential resource quality of service constraints specified by a source user and adestination user in a communication network has two quality of service translators receiving preferential resource constraintsinput from the source and destination users respectively. The translators translate input QOS requirements, for each of thesourc...

Vehicular networking is an emerging area of interest in the wireless networking community as well as in the transportation research community. Vehicular ad hoc networks (vanet) are distributed, self-organizing communication networks which progressed from traveling vehicles, and are thus characterized by very high speeds and limited degrees of freedom in node (vehicle) movement patterns. Differe...

Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks face two challenges. One is an efficient bandwidth usage which requires minimum delay between transfers of packets. Establishing permanent routes from the source to destination addresses this challenge since the received packet can be immediately transmitted to the next node. However, any disruption on the established path either causes packet loss...

This thesis focuses on cooperative relaying protocols employing a relay node that overhears data transmissions between a source and a destination nodes and retransmits the data when necessary. The achieved signal diversity at the destination improves the data recovery in fading-rich environments. While cooperative relay can improve communication on one link, the induced relay interference can d...

Who Leaves and Who Returns? Deciphering Immigrant Self-Selection from a Developing Country Existing research examining the self-selection of immigrants suffers from a lack of information on the immigrants’ labor force activities in the home country, quotas limiting who is allowed to enter the destination country, and non-economic factors such as internal civil strife in the home country. Using ...

In this paper, we study the performance of dual hop relaying in which the best relay selected by partial relay selection will help the source-destination link to overcome the channel impairment. Specifically, closed-form expressions for outage probability, symbol error probability and achievable diversity gain are derived using the statistical characteristic of the signal-to-noise ratio. Numeri...

The objective of Optimum Route Selection for Vehicle Navigation System (ORSVNS) article is to develop a system, which provides information about real time alternate routes to the drivers and also helps in selecting the optimal route among all the alternate routes from an origin to destination. Two types of query systems, special and general, are designed for drivers. Here, the criterion for rou...