The United States is currently in the throes of fuel shortages and is facing a national debate on energy policy. Western Europe and Japan are dependent on supplies from the Middle, Eastern, and African nations. Collectively these developed nations, plus Canada and the United States, account for nearly three-quarters of the free world's petroleum consumption and their consumption is growing rapi...

P atients suspected of having breast cancer at a public clinic in Mexico City returned an average of seven times before receiving a definitive diagnosis; those diagnosed waited more than 6 months on average for treatment. In eastern Nigeria, 30% of women with symptoms of breast cancer refused biopsies, and more than half declined surgery when their disease was confirmed. These examples are part...

International medical collaborations, previously known as ‘‘medical missionary work,’’ have existed for centuries. As aptly described by Panosian and Coates, historical motivations for this type of outreach included the desire to spread ‘‘religion as well as compassionate care.’’ The term ‘‘medical missionary’’ has endured over the years because of this history, and is therefore used in this co...

Eighty percent of (commercial) genetically engineered seeds (GES) are designed only to resist herbicides. Letting farmers use more chemicals, they cut labor costs. But developing nations say GES cause food shortages, unemployment, resistant weeds, and extinction of native cultivars when "volunteers" drift nearby. While GES patents are reasonable, this paper argues many patent policies are not. ...

BACKGROUND A key aspect in halting global increase in cardiovascular events is prevention and especially prevention at an early age. Unfortunately, global data regarding cardiovascular risk factors in the young are limited. Therefore the objectives of this study were to identify the most common cardiovascular risk factors among young adults in a university setting in both developed and developi...

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Head and neck cancers from a diverse group of neoplasms, the occurrence of which can be attributed to habitual tobacco use, race, alcohol consumption, ultraviolet (UV) exposure, occupational exposure, viruses, and diet. The surging incidence rates reflect the prevalence of risk factors such as tobacco use (smoked and smokeless), betel nut chewing, urbanization and issues relating to urban air q...