Iron(II) and iron(III) salts catalyze the oxidative alpha-phosphonation of N,N-dimethylanilines with dialkyl H-phosphonates in the presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of 6 dialkyl malate compounds used in cosmetics. These ingredients function mostly as skin-conditioning agents-emollients. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data related to the ingredients along with a previous safety assessment of malic acid. The similar structure, properties, functions, and uses of these ingred...

Acetylene reduction activity of intact rice plants was measured in closed assay chambers with plants grown in water culture. Acetylene was added to the liquid medium, and the ethylene formed was measured from both gas and liquid phases. After cutoff of mineral nitrogen supply and inoculation of fresh soil, rice plants grown from the seedling stage in water culture exhibited acetylene reduction ...

An efficient and generally applicable protocol for palladium-catalyzed oxidative deacetonative coupling of 4-aryl-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ols with dialkyl H-phosphonates has been developed. This methodology provides a new and practical route to alkynylphosphonates using the inexpensive 4-aryl-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ols as the alkyne sources. This reaction could also be performed with aryl bromides, 2-me...

The inhibition effects and mechanisms of chlorinated methane and acetylene on methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion process of the biodegradable wastes were investigated. It was found that both chloroform and acetylene could effectively inhibit methanogens while the biodegradability of the wastes was not affected. Acetylene inhibited the activity of methanogens, while chloroform inhibited m...

Acetylene cyclotrimerization catalyzed by palladium has been shown to proceed via the initial rapid formation of a C 4 H 4 species. This can either react with adsorbed acetylene to form benzene or alternatively, as has been recently suggested, it can dimerize forming cyclooctatetraene which decomposes to yield benzene. Trimerization is sufficiently fast that reaction is desorption rather than s...

Acetylene fermentation is a rare metabolism that was previously reported as being unique to Pelobacter acetylenicus Here, we report the genome sequence of Pelobacter sp. strain SFB93, an acetylene-fermenting bacterium isolated from sediments collected in San Francisco Bay, CA.

The growth mechanism of hydrocarbons in ionizing environments, such as the interstellar medium (ISM), and some combustion conditions remains incompletely understood. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and molecular beam vacuum-UV (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry experiments were performed to understand the ion-molecule growth mechanism of small acetylene clusters (up to hexa...

Department of Microbiology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 228, Reading RG6 ZAJ, UK On the basis of enzyme assays, myo-inositol appears to be catabolized via 2-keto-myo-inositol and ~-2,3-diketo-4-deoxy epi-inositol in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, as occurs in Klebsiella aerogenes. The first two enzymes of the pathway, myo-inositol dehydrogenase and 2-keto-myo-inositol dehyd...

1-Hydroxycarbazole-2,3-dicarboxylates have been shown to undergo chemoselective reductive cyclization to furo[3,4-b]carbazolones on reaction with LiAlH4. One of the furocarbazolones is utilized to accomplish the first total synthesis of claulansine D and mafaicheenamine E in 9 and 6 steps respectively. The other key steps of the syntheses are addition of an allylic indium reagent and CC double ...