Condenser microphones of all types are traditionally made with a planar electrode parallel to an electrically conducting diaphragm, additional diaphragm stiffness at acoustic frequencies being provided by the air enclosed in a cavity behind the diaphragm. In all designs, the motion of the diaphragm in response to an acoustic signal is greatest near its center and reduces to zero at its edges. A...

INTRODUCTION A diaphragm meter is a positive displacement instrument which is used to measure the volume of gas that passes through it. This is accomplished through the known volume that is displaced for each stroke of the diaphragm. The diaphragm also provides the seal between the measuring chambers of the device. As such the diaphragm meter has proven to be an accurate and reliable means of m...

BACKGROUND Although diaphragm paresis or paralysis is fairly common following cardiac procedures; it is a less common complication following liver transplantation. Unilateral diaphragm paresis, usually right sided, has been described following liver transplantation in adults and has been rarely described in children. PURPOSE Diaphragmatic injury following LT is often unrecognized and is typic...

Diaphragm paralysis can cause significant shortness of breath. This condition can be treated with diaphragm plication. We illustrate two cases where we used a knotless suture and total portal thoracoscopic technique to successfully plicate the diaphragm. A 70-year-old female with right-sided and a 44-year-old male with left-sided diaphragm paralysis. Both patients had a sniff test that showed p...

The past 5 years have witnessed an exponential increase in our understanding of the structure and function of the glomerular slit diaphragm. The identification of nephrin as the first transmembrane slit diaphragm protein was a watershed event in slit diaphragm biology. This article correlates some of the observations of the prenephrin era with more recent studies, and elaborates on the individu...

INTRODUCTION We describe a unique method that combines ultrasound and electromyography to guide intramuscular diaphragm injections in anesthetized large animals. METHODS Ultrasound was used to visualize the diaphragm on each side of spontaneously breathing, anesthetized beagle dogs and cynomolgus macaques. An electromyography (EMG) needle was introduced and directed by ultrasound to confirm t...

Abstract In order to investigate the effect of different double-pulse solid rocket motor metal diaphragm configurations on opening performance, a compartment device is designed. A modified Johnson-Cook principal structure model and damage criterion are used simulate pressure-bearing forces based finite element software. obtain parameters J-C model, Quasi-static tensile tests at strain rates 10 ...

INTRODUCTION Immobilization of hindlimb muscles in a shortened position results in an accelerated rate of inactivity-induced muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Similarly, prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) results in diaphragm inactivity and induces diaphragm muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Further, the application of positive end-expiratory airway pressure (...

Dear Editor, The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)–critical diaphragm failure (CDF) hypothesis (1,2) continues to attract attention 5 years after the publication of the original article in this journal, and several colleagues have contributed perspectives and insights to the hypothesis (3–6). The basic premise of the SIDS-CDF hypothesis is that the diaphragm is a vital organ that must continu...

The mitochondrial content of skeletal muscles is proportional to activity level, with the assumption that intrinsic mitochondrial function is the same in all muscles. This may not hold true for all muscles. For example, the diaphragm is a constantly active muscle; it is possible that its mitochondria are intrinsically different compared with other muscles. This study tested the hypothesis that ...