We present unique molding/bonding processes to fabricate microstructured Ca-alginate hydrogel plates. We employed propylene glycol alginate (PGA), an ester derivative of alginate, which suppresses the shrinkage of sodium alginate (NaA) during the gelation process, and prepared microstructured hydrogel plates via molding. Also, a bonding procedure utilizing polycation coating is presented to obt...

conclusions according to the subjective and objective results, the new method used in anatomy education had a good effect on learning of anatomy and interested students in anatomy. besides, it decreased students’ stress at exam time. it can be a complementary method for conventional methods. it is very useful for those who need retraining courses. results using present method had remarkable eff...

The interaction of cells with their supporting extracellular matrix influences cellular phenotype, cellular proliferation, protein synthetic profile, and specific gene activation. To examine the ability of culture substratum to modulate the phenotype expressed by glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) in culture, GEC were grown on plastic culture plates coated with collagen gels (Type I collagen, Vi...

A recent census suggests that seamounts1 — typically extinct underwater volcanoes — are numerous. It has been estimated that about 125,000 seamounts with a height of more than one kilometre exist on our ocean floors. Most of these are postulated to form at volcanic hotspots that are the surface expressions of mantle plumes — hot material upwelling from Earth’s interior. Yet, many seamounts do n...

receiver operating characteristics (roc) curves have numerous applications for identifying a cut-off point in diagnostic tests. nonetheless, given that sometimes two cut-off points have to be specified simultaneously, the roc curve can be used to identify such points. the volume under the roc surface (vus) serves as a criterion for the accuracy of diagnostic tests. one of the unfortunate outcom...

In this work, the mechanical properties of hydride diffusion layer were thoroughly researched by nanoindentation technique. For first time, clear section microstructure was revealed under scanning electron microscope with complicated interactions plates near interface between and titanium matrix. The has higher hardness lower modulus towards matrix due to hard nature easier crack nucleation pre...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae forms a membrane protrusion at a cell pole and is known to adhere to solid surfaces, including animal cells, and can glide on these surfaces with a speed up to 1 μm per second. Notably, gliding appears to be involved in the infectious process in addition to providing the bacteria with a means of escaping the host's immune systems. However, the genome of M. pneumoniae does ...

Introduction: The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) instrument on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft [1] is currently acquiring infrared (IR) multispectral images of Mars. The instrument has a spatial resolution of 100 meters/pixel in the IR, and acquires data in 9 different wavelength bands, 8 of which are sensitive to radiance emitted by the surface. A complication in the analysis of such dat...