his article presents a comprehensive analysis of the thermal effects in advanced high-performance interconnect systems arising due to self-heating under various circuit conditions, including electrostatic discharge (ESD). Technology (Cu, low-k, etc.) and scaling effects on the thermal characteristics of the interconnects, and on their electromigration (EM) reliability, have been analyzed simult...

Rectified diffusion is a mechanism by which a strain wave can rapidly pump volatiles into a bubble and therefore increase the pressure in a closed syste~. The dynamic strain of either distant regional tectonic earthquakes or local volcanic tremor can be translated to static strain inside a magma chamber via this pro·cess. We formulate a theory appropriate to the conditions of a magma chamber an...

The adsorption removal of Triphenylmethane & Xanthene dyes onto a low-cost coal based adsorption (Charfines) and its efficiency in dye colour sorption was compared with activated carbon (F-400). Batch studies were performed and the results revealed that Charfines demonstrated on ability to adsorb the reactive Triphenylmethane & Xanthene dyes. The sorption interaction of reactive dye on to Charf...

Results obtained during the evaluation of radio frequency (RF) reliability carried out on several devices fabricated with different epi-structure and field-plate geometries will be presented and discussed. Devices without a field-plate structure experienced a more severe degradation when compared to their counterparts while no significant correlation has been observed with respect of the differ...

Diffusion anisotropy is the most fundamental and important parameter in the description of cardiac fibers using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI), by reflecting the microstructure variation of the fiber. It is, however still not clear how the diffusion anisotropy is influenced by different contiguous structures (collagen, cardiac myocyte, etc.). In this paper, a virtual cardiac ...

A variety of pattern formation phenomena in catalytic surface reactions can be attributed to the dynamics of interfaces, or fronts, separating distinct uniform states. The states may represent surface coverages by different adsorbates or, in the case of forced oscillations, different phases of oscillation. The dynamics of fronts are strongly affected by front instabilities and by diffusion anis...

Electromagnetic transport measurements were combined with high-resolution electron microscopy observations to study the relation between structure and local critical currents in YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) Josephson junctions. The spatial variation of the critical current J (x) along the length of the boundary for interface engineered Josephson junctions and bicrystal grain boundary Josephson junctions ...

This discussion paper deals with the social selectivity of internationally mobile German students prior to and after the Bologna Process thereby linking two mobility dimensions that a very rarely brought together – social and spatial mobility. Tackling this issue on multiple levels, I ask how student mobility is understood within key Bologna documents (declarations and communiqués) and how this...

Farming and herding were introduced to Europe from the Near East and Anatolia; there are, however, considerable arguments about the mechanisms of this transition. Were it the people who moved and either outplaced or admixed with the indigenous hunter-gatherer groups? Or was it material and information that moved—the Neolithic Package— consisting of domesticated plants and animals and the knowle...

A detailed characterization of injection properties of epitaxial tunnel-thin calcium fluoride layers is performed. Electrical and optical behavior of Au/CaF2/Si capacitors is examined. The results allow for claiming that attained quality of the CaF2 films is adequate for application as a barrier layer in microelectronics.