Pupil dilation under constant illumination is a physiological marker where modulation is related to several cognitive functions involved in daily decision making. There is evidence for a role of pupil dilation change during decision-making tasks associated with uncertainty, reward-prediction errors and surprise. However, while some work suggests that pupil dilation is mainly modulated by reward...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Surgical intervention of the Eustachian tube (ET) has become increasingly common in the past decade, and balloon dilation has shown promising results in recent studies. It is unclear how balloon dilation enhances ET function. Our aim was to evaluate histological changes in the ET's mucosal lumen comparing before balloon dilation, immediately after, and postoperatively. S...

OBJECTIVE To compare swallowing outcomes following cricopharyngeal (CP) dilation versus surgical myotomy in patients with dysphagia secondary to idiopathic CP bar. METHODS All patients had an idiopathic CP bar without a history of Zenker's diverticulum, head and neck cancer, or systemic neurologic disease treated between 2000 and 2013. The Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS) was utiliz...

A dilatable form of bilateral branch pulmonary artery stenosis was created in 27 newborn lambs. Nine lambs were long-term survivors and were dilated with modified Grüntzig balloon dilation catheters. They were allowed to recover for 6-9 weeks, during which time there was no significant change in the mean systolic gradients across the narrowed sites. Thirteen arteries underwent dilation. Dilatio...

An earthquake with the magnitude of 5.9 Mw occurred in Qeshm Island and Hormozgan province in November 27th 2005. 3D co-seismic deformation field caused by the earthquake are determined based on the ascending and descending interferograms and azimuth offsets. The peak to peak estimated displacement is about 10 cm in west, 69 cm in north and 22 cm in vertical directions. We apply strain analysis...

Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (K(Ca)) channels regulate the physiological functions of many tissues, including cerebrovascular smooth muscle. l-Glutamic acid (glutamate) is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and oxygen tension is a dominant local regulator of vascular tone. In vivo, glutamate and hypoxia dilate newborn pig cerebral arteriole...

Let δ0(P, k) denote the degree k dilation of a point set P in the domain of plane geometric spanners. If Λ is the infinite square lattice, it is shown that 1+ √ 2 ≤ δ0(Λ, 3) ≤ (3+2 √ 2) 5−1/2 = 2.6065 . . . and δ0(Λ, 4) = √ 2. If Λ is the infinite hexagonal lattice, it is shown that δ0(Λ, 3) = 1 + √ 3 and δ0(Λ, 4) = 2. All our constructions are planar lattice tilings constrained to degree 3 or 4.

We generalize Ehrhart’s idea ([Eh]) of counting lattice points in dilated rational polytopes: Given a rational simplex, that is, an n-dimensional polytope with n+ 1 rational vertices, we use its description as the intersection of n+ 1 halfspaces, which determine the facets of the simplex. Instead of just a single dilation factor, we allow different dilation factors for each of these facets. We ...

Toruses and meshes include graphs of many varieties of topologies, with lines, rings, and hypercubes being special cases. Given a d-dimensional torus or mesh G and a c-dimensional torus or mesh H of the same size, we study the problem of embedding G in H to minimize the dilation cost. For increasing dimension cases (d < c ) in which the shapes of G and H satisfy the condition of expansion, the ...

Iris biometrics research has largely ignored the problems associated with variations in pupil dilation between the enrollment image and the image to be recognized or verified. Indeed, in most current systems, information about pupil dilation is discarded when the iris region is normalized to a dimensionless polar coordinate system fromwhich the iris code is obtained. This work studies the effec...